Question

what are the different sources of irrigation ?​

Answer 1

The process of providing water to crops is known as irrigation. All crops do not require the same amount of water. For example, rice requires a lot of water, while wheat requires less, and millets (jowar, bajra, ragi) require even less. Besides, different crops need water at different times of growth. Wheat, for example, needs water before ploughing, at the time of flowering and when the grain develops.

Rice, on the other hand, needs water throughout the season. A good farmer must know when to irrigate the crops and how much water to use. Just as too little water is bad for crops, so is untimely or excessive irrigation. Excessive irrigation causes water-logging and stops the roots from breathing. It also causes salinisation of the soil, as the salts dissolved by the water are left behind when the water evaporates.

Sources of irrigation:

Traditionally, farmers depended on rainfall for irrigation. Thus, crops with a large requirement of water were grown in areas with moderate to high rainfall. And hardy crops which can withstand shortage of water were grown in dry areas. Things have changed to a certain extent in modern times, with the construction of large dams across rivers.

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Water from these dams is carried by canals to many areas which were deprived of water earlier. The Indira Gandhi canal, which has transformed parts of the desert districts of Ganganagar and Bikaner in Rajasthan, is one example. It brings water from the Satluj, Ravi and Beas and has made the cultivation of wheat, cotton, groundnut and fruit possible in a once barren land.

These canals are called permanent canals, as opposed to the inundation canals used to divert rainwater from rivers and streams during the monsoon. The major dams which provide water for irrigation are shown in Figure 1.8. Some of these dams also provide electricity.

The major dams

However, these dams cannot provide water to all or even the majority of farms. Many of them still depend largely on rainfall. Broadly speaking, rainwater is utilised in two ways. The practice in southern India is to store rainwater in tanks. In the northern plains, on the other hand, bunds are made across streams and rivers to trap

Answer 2

Answer:

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Explanation:

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