What are the indicators of development?
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the most commonly used indicators collected by some of the major development institutions, both multilateral agencies such as the World Bank, as well as NGOS.
The indicators you need to know for the ‘indicators of development topic – most obviously GNP, the HDI and the MDGs.
Other indicators which are useful to know for different sub-topics within the global development course (health, education, gender, conflict, the environment etc…)
Taken together these indicators should provide enough breadth of measurements to gain a very good (for A level standards) insight into the level of development of a country, without resulting in information overload and mental meltdown…
Most of the above indicators below have been developed and are monitored by either the World Bank or the United Nations, but I’ve also included others, such as the Global Peace Index, which are collated by other agencies, so as to broaden out the data sou
The indicators I consider in more detail below are as follows.
Total nominal Gross Domestic Product
Gross National Income per capita (PPP)
The percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day
The percentage of people living below the poverty line within a country.
The unemployment rate.
The Human Development Index score
Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (overlaps with many other aspects)
School enrollment ratios
PISA educational achievement rankings
Percentage of population in tertiary education.
The infant mortality rate.
Healthy life expectancy
The gender inequality index
The global peace index
Total military expenditure
Carbon Dioxide emissions
The corruption index
The Happiness Index.
NB – As with many other posts on this site, this is a work in progress, to be gradually updated as and when I get a chance!
Nominal Gross National Income
Nominal Gross National Income is the total economic value of domestic and foreign output by residents of a country.
It roughly works out like this: Gross National Income = (gross domestic product) + (factor incomes earned by foreign residents) – (income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents).
Nominal Gross National Income rankings (2015)
1st – USA = $17 trillion
2nd – China – $$10 trillion
6th – UK = $2.8 trillion
7th – India = $2.0 trillion
Nominal GNI is useful for giving you an idea of the ‘economic clout’ of a country compared to other countries. The real global power players (in terms of military expenditure) are all towards the top of this.
These figures, however, tell you very little about the quality of life in a country…. for that you need to divide the figure per head of population and factor in the cost of living in the country….
Gross National Income Per Capita (PPP)
Gross National Income Per Capita– is GNI divided by the population of a country, so it’s GNI per person.
(PPP) stands for Purchasing Power Parity – which alters the raw GNI per capita data to control for the different costs of living in a country, thus modifying the GNI figure in U.S. dollars to reflect what those dollars would actually buy given the different costs of living in different countries.
Gross National Income Per Capita (PPP) rankings (2013)
1st – Qatar – $123 000
11th – United States – $53 000
23rd – Finland – $38 000
27th – United Kingdom – $35 000
126th – Nigeria – $5360
127th – India – $5350
185th – Democratic Republic of Congo – $680
The indicators you need to know for the ‘indicators of development topic – most obviously GNP, the HDI and the MDGs.
Other indicators which are useful to know for different sub-topics within the global development course (health, education, gender, conflict, the environment etc…)
Taken together these indicators should provide enough breadth of measurements to gain a very good (for A level standards) insight into the level of development of a country, without resulting in information overload and mental meltdown…
Most of the above indicators below have been developed and are monitored by either the World Bank or the United Nations, but I’ve also included others, such as the Global Peace Index, which are collated by other agencies, so as to broaden out the data sou
The indicators I consider in more detail below are as follows.
Total nominal Gross Domestic Product
Gross National Income per capita (PPP)
The percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day
The percentage of people living below the poverty line within a country.
The unemployment rate.
The Human Development Index score
Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (overlaps with many other aspects)
School enrollment ratios
PISA educational achievement rankings
Percentage of population in tertiary education.
The infant mortality rate.
Healthy life expectancy
The gender inequality index
The global peace index
Total military expenditure
Carbon Dioxide emissions
The corruption index
The Happiness Index.
NB – As with many other posts on this site, this is a work in progress, to be gradually updated as and when I get a chance!
Nominal Gross National Income
Nominal Gross National Income is the total economic value of domestic and foreign output by residents of a country.
It roughly works out like this: Gross National Income = (gross domestic product) + (factor incomes earned by foreign residents) – (income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents).
Nominal Gross National Income rankings (2015)
1st – USA = $17 trillion
2nd – China – $$10 trillion
6th – UK = $2.8 trillion
7th – India = $2.0 trillion
Nominal GNI is useful for giving you an idea of the ‘economic clout’ of a country compared to other countries. The real global power players (in terms of military expenditure) are all towards the top of this.
These figures, however, tell you very little about the quality of life in a country…. for that you need to divide the figure per head of population and factor in the cost of living in the country….
Gross National Income Per Capita (PPP)
Gross National Income Per Capita– is GNI divided by the population of a country, so it’s GNI per person.
(PPP) stands for Purchasing Power Parity – which alters the raw GNI per capita data to control for the different costs of living in a country, thus modifying the GNI figure in U.S. dollars to reflect what those dollars would actually buy given the different costs of living in different countries.
Gross National Income Per Capita (PPP) rankings (2013)
1st – Qatar – $123 000
11th – United States – $53 000
23rd – Finland – $38 000
27th – United Kingdom – $35 000
126th – Nigeria – $5360
127th – India – $5350
185th – Democratic Republic of Congo – $680
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