what are the process constitute by interaction of biomolecules with each other
Answers
Explanation:
Extracellular matrix molecules and their orientation
While for some cell types there is a primary need for specific biomolecule interactions, for myoblasts the focus of extracellular matrix molecules has been on their patterning and orientation. Clearly the architecture of the extracellular matrix with particular reference to the fibrous components affects myoblast morphology.
Oriented fibronectin deposition has also been shown to act as both a biological and topographical cue for myoblast alignment and aligned myotube formation (Turner et al., 1983). Oriented fibronectin adsorption was achieved by adsorbing fibronectin onto tissue culture plastic in a solution containing urea crystals which were then subsequently washed away. This results in areas of oriented fibronectin varying between 0.7 and 5 μm in width.
Stern et al. (2009) showed that muscle progenitor cells and C2C12 myoblasts cultured on muscle ECM extracts resulted in increased proliferation and differentiation as measured by MyoD, myogenin and myosin heavy chain markers.
Substrates coated with extracellular matrix components extracted from skeletal muscle increased proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and human muscle progenitor cells compared to a coating of collagen alone. Myogenic differentiation was also determined using typical markers MyoD, myogenin and myosin heavy chain. Expression of myogenin and myosin heavy chain was enhanced on ECM-coated substrates. Analysis of myotube formation showed that the ECM-coated substrates showed larger myotubes with more nuclei/myotube suggesting the generation of more mature myotubes.
Cell adhesive glass micropatterns of 5–100 μm within non-adhesive organo-silane treated glass allowed myoblast adhesion and alignment (Clark et al., 1997). Myoblasts were less well aligned on laminin (a component of the basal lamina and can promote differentiation) which bound to the organosilane treated micropatterns but the myoblasts preferentially attached to the laminin and alignment increased upon differentiation into myotubes. Laminin also promoted the long-term survival of these cells.
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