what are the scientific methods to plan an investigation method
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Investigation
As you can imagine, there are several phases to a good scientific investigation. These may vary a bit in the literature, but they generally include five steps.
Step one - Observe something of interest
The young man at the science fair obviously enjoyed playing with toy cars and had noticed that when he increased the pitch of the ramp, the cars went faster. He wondered what the relationship was between the steepness of the ramp and the speed of the car, beyond just the obvious fact that it went faster as the slope increased. People who engage in a scientific investigation usually do so because they don't know or are unsure of some aspects of the observation or because they want to confirm a hunch about the observation.
Step two - Formulate a question that can be answered in a measurable way
It's important to ask the question so that it can be answered in a measurable way. Beginning the question with 'what,' 'how' or 'why' is a good start. The question should also be focused. Many researchers make the mistake of trying to 'boil the ocean' with a question that is too general. For example, 'Why do people get sick?' would not lend itself to a good scientific investigation in anyone's lifetime, even though it's a pertinent question. Remember, boiling the ocean is quite a bit more difficult than boiling a pot of water.
Step three - Formulate a hypothesis that answers the question based on experience or research
You may be wondering, 'Why come up with a hypothesis about something we're trying to discover?' It's much easier to analyze data and compare it to an existing theory than to try to develop a theory from scratch. There are already good models for much of what we observe, so we can usually find the seeds of an answer to our question through research. Many times, scientific investigation is used just to make incremental improvements to a theory, process or product. In short, the hypothesis brings to bear all that is already known about the question; it gives us context for what we're studying.
I hope it will help you.....
As you can imagine, there are several phases to a good scientific investigation. These may vary a bit in the literature, but they generally include five steps.
Step one - Observe something of interest
The young man at the science fair obviously enjoyed playing with toy cars and had noticed that when he increased the pitch of the ramp, the cars went faster. He wondered what the relationship was between the steepness of the ramp and the speed of the car, beyond just the obvious fact that it went faster as the slope increased. People who engage in a scientific investigation usually do so because they don't know or are unsure of some aspects of the observation or because they want to confirm a hunch about the observation.
Step two - Formulate a question that can be answered in a measurable way
It's important to ask the question so that it can be answered in a measurable way. Beginning the question with 'what,' 'how' or 'why' is a good start. The question should also be focused. Many researchers make the mistake of trying to 'boil the ocean' with a question that is too general. For example, 'Why do people get sick?' would not lend itself to a good scientific investigation in anyone's lifetime, even though it's a pertinent question. Remember, boiling the ocean is quite a bit more difficult than boiling a pot of water.
Step three - Formulate a hypothesis that answers the question based on experience or research
You may be wondering, 'Why come up with a hypothesis about something we're trying to discover?' It's much easier to analyze data and compare it to an existing theory than to try to develop a theory from scratch. There are already good models for much of what we observe, so we can usually find the seeds of an answer to our question through research. Many times, scientific investigation is used just to make incremental improvements to a theory, process or product. In short, the hypothesis brings to bear all that is already known about the question; it gives us context for what we're studying.
I hope it will help you.....
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