What are the three laws of thermodynamics
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The four laws of thermodynamics are as follows :
1) Zeroth Law
The zeroth law of thermodynamics can be summarized as follows:
(a) Two bodies at different temperature in thermal contact with each other tend to move towards the same temperature
(b) Two bodies which are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third body, are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
For example hot water when kept in open becomes cold after sometime and attains the temperature of surroundings.
2) First law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of an isolated system is constant.
ΔU = q + W, is the mathematical statement of the first law of thermodynamics.
where ΔU is the change in the internal energy of the system, q is the heat transferred and W is the work done. It basically means that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, although it can be converted from one form to another.
3) Second law
The second law of thermodynamics states that for a spontaneous change in an isolated system, the change in entropy is positive. The entropy is a measure of degree of randomness in system. For example water spontaneously changes from ice in solid state to water in liquid state to steam in gaseous state because the degree of randomness (or entropy) is the maximum in gaseous state.
4) Third Law
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero as the absolute zero of temperature is reached.
At lower temperature, the energy of the molecules would be less. Hence the translational, rotational and vibrational motion of the molecules would be restricted because of which their entropy would be less and approach zero at extremely low temperature (close to zero).
1) Zeroth Law
The zeroth law of thermodynamics can be summarized as follows:
(a) Two bodies at different temperature in thermal contact with each other tend to move towards the same temperature
(b) Two bodies which are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third body, are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
For example hot water when kept in open becomes cold after sometime and attains the temperature of surroundings.
2) First law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of an isolated system is constant.
ΔU = q + W, is the mathematical statement of the first law of thermodynamics.
where ΔU is the change in the internal energy of the system, q is the heat transferred and W is the work done. It basically means that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, although it can be converted from one form to another.
3) Second law
The second law of thermodynamics states that for a spontaneous change in an isolated system, the change in entropy is positive. The entropy is a measure of degree of randomness in system. For example water spontaneously changes from ice in solid state to water in liquid state to steam in gaseous state because the degree of randomness (or entropy) is the maximum in gaseous state.
4) Third Law
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero as the absolute zero of temperature is reached.
At lower temperature, the energy of the molecules would be less. Hence the translational, rotational and vibrational motion of the molecules would be restricted because of which their entropy would be less and approach zero at extremely low temperature (close to zero).
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ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
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If the two system A , B are separately in thermal equilibrium a third system C , then the systems A AND B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
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FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
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It states that the heat energy given to a system is equal to the sum of the increase in internal energy and the work done by the system
dQ = dU + dT
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SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
there r 2 statements they r
1)CLAUSIUS STATEMENT
2)KELVIN PLANCK STATEMENT
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CLAUSIUS STATEMENT
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lt is impossible for a self acting machine unaided by an external agency to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at higher temperature.
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KELVIN PLANCK STATEMENT
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lt is impossible to get continuous supply of work by cooling a body to a temperature below the coldest of the surroundings
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-------------------------------------------------------
If the two system A , B are separately in thermal equilibrium a third system C , then the systems A AND B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
----------------------------------------------------
It states that the heat energy given to a system is equal to the sum of the increase in internal energy and the work done by the system
dQ = dU + dT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
there r 2 statements they r
1)CLAUSIUS STATEMENT
2)KELVIN PLANCK STATEMENT
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CLAUSIUS STATEMENT
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lt is impossible for a self acting machine unaided by an external agency to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at higher temperature.
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KELVIN PLANCK STATEMENT
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lt is impossible to get continuous supply of work by cooling a body to a temperature below the coldest of the surroundings
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