Question

What are the ways in which water molecules are bound to an anhydrous salt to form hydrate?

Answer 1

    During crystallization process water molecules combine with many salts to form hydrated salts.

         For example: ${ CuSO }_{ 4 }.{ 5H }_{ 2 }O$

     Generally, water is combined with ionic salts to form water of crystallization. The anhydrous salts bound to water molecules in three ways as follows.

i)        Water molecules co-ordinate to central metal ion complexes.

         For example: $[Li({ H }_{ 2 }O{ ) }_{ 6 }{ ] }^{ + }C{ l }^{ - }$

ii)        Water may be bound by hydrogen bonds in certain oxygen-containing atoms.

        For example: ${ CuSO }_{ 4 }.{ 5H }_{ 2 }O$.

          In the compound four water molecules are attached to the metal ion ${ Cu }^{ 2+ }$ in the center. The fifth molecule of water is attached to the sulphate group through hydrogen bonding.

iii)        In the crystal lattice, water molecules occupies the void spaces.

Answer 2

Explanation:

During crystallization process water molecules combine with many salts to form hydrated salts.

For example: { CuSO }_{ 4 }.{ 5H }_{ 2 }OCuSO

4

.5H

2

O

Generally, water is combined with ionic salts to form water of crystallization. The anhydrous salts bound to water molecules in three ways as follows.

i) Water molecules co-ordinate to central metal ion complexes.

For example: [Li({ H }_{ 2 }O{ ) }_{ 6 }{ ] }^{ + }C{ l }^{ - }[Li(H

2

O)

6

]

+

Cl

−

ii) Water may be bound by hydrogen bonds in certain oxygen-containing atoms.

For example: { CuSO }_{ 4 }.{ 5H }_{ 2 }OCuSO

4

.5H

2

O .

In the compound four water molecules are attached to the metal ion { Cu }^{ 2+ }Cu

2+

in the center. The fifth molecule of water is attached to the sulphate group through hydrogen bonding.

iii) In the crystal lattice, water molecules occupies the void spac

Hope this helps you