Question

what do you understand by structural and non structural mitigation efforts

Answer 1

Structural measures include physical constructions to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards, or application of engineering techniques to achieve hazard resistance and resilience in structures or systems. Some common examples are : dams, flood levies, ocean wave barriers, earthquake resistant construction, and evacuation shelters.

Non structural measures consists of any measure which does not involve physical construction and  uses knowledge, practice or agreement to reduce risks and impacts, in particular through policies and laws, public awareness raising, training and education. For instance, building codes, land use planning laws and their enforcement, research and assessment, information resources, and public awareness programmes.