Physics, asked by mindmap00, 1 year ago

What is electronegativity?

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Answered by Anonymous
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Answered by Anonymous
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ELECTRONEGATIVITY

This page explains what electronegativity is, and how and why it varies around the Periodic Table. It looks at the way that electronegativity differences affect bond type and explains what is meant by polar bonds and polar molecules.

If you are interested in electronegativity in an organic chemistry context, you will find a link at the bottom of this page.

What is electronegativity

Definition

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

The Pauling scale is the most commonly used. Fluorine (the most electronegative element) is assigned a value of 4.0, and values range down to caesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7.

What happens if two atoms of equal electronegativity bond together?

Consider a bond between two atoms, A and B. Each atom may be forming other bonds as well as the one shown - but these are irrelevant to the argument.

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If the atoms are equally electronegative, both have the same tendency to attract the bonding pair of electrons, and so it will be found on average half way between the two atoms. To get a bond like this, A and B would usually have to be the same atom. You will find this sort of bond in, for example, H2 or Cl2 molecules.

Note:  It's important to realise that this is an average picture. The electrons are actually in a molecular orbital, and are moving around all the time within that orbital.


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