What is electronegativity? How does it vary in a group and in a period?
Answers
The positively charged protons in the nucleus attract the negatively charged electrons. As the number of protons in the nucleus increases, the electronegativity or attraction will increase. Therefore electronegativity increases from left to right in a row in the periodic table.
Moving down in a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the longer distance between the nucleus and the valence electron shell, thereby decreasing the attraction, making the atom have less of an attraction for electrons or protons.
Electronegativity is the tendency of the element to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself. Electronegativity increase across a period decrease down a group.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is the tendency of the element to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself.
Electronegativity increase across a period as the electrons get added to the same shell and the nuclear charge increases, the valence electrons get nearer to the nucleus and thus the tendency of the elements to attract the shared pair of electrons itself increases.
Electronegativity decrease down a group as the electrons get added to new shell and the nuclear charge increases, but the effect of addition of shells is more dominant and thus the size increases and the tendency of the elements to attract the shared pair of electrons itself decreases.
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