What is "Electronic theory of frictional electricity"?
It is given in S.L. Arora (Class 12) (CHAPTER 1).
Can anyone please explain in brief????
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Hey! Electricity is basically flow of charge, current being defined as rate of flow of charge. Hence if any two appropriate pairs of material are rubbed together, there will be exchange of number of electrons. Now if any one object gets positively charged it is ready to discharge and become neutral almost instantly, by absorbing electrons from any surface that can provide electrons. Hence if yo...[ + ]
Nd
Electrostatics - frictional electricity
Posted On : 31.10.2015 06:27 am
The substances which acquire charges on rubbing are said to be 'electrified' or charged. These terms are derived from the Greek word elektron, meaning amber. The electricity produced by friction is called frictional electricity. If the charges in a body do not move, then, the frictional electricity is also known as Static Electricity.
Electrostatics
Electrostatics is the branch of Physics, which deals with static electric charges or charges at rest. In this chapter, we shall study the basic phenomena about static electric charges. The charges in a electrostatic field are analogous to masses in a gravitational field. These charges have forces acting on them and hence possess potential energy. The ideas are widely used in many branches of electricity and in the theory of atom.
Electrostatics - frictional electricity
In 600 B.C., Thales, a Greek Philosopher observed that, when a piece of amber is rubbed with fur, it acquires the property of attracting light objects like bits of paper. In the 17th century, William Gilbert discovered that, glass, ebonite etc, also exhibit this property, when rubbed with suitable materials.
The substances which acquire charges on rubbing are said to be 'electrified' or charged. These terms are derived from the Greek word elektron, meaning amber. The electricity produced by friction is called frictional electricity. If the charges in a body do not move, then, the frictional electricity is also known as Static Electricity.
1. Two kinds of charges
1. If a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, it acquires positive charge while the silk cloth acquires an equal amount of negative charge.
2. If an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, it becomes negatively charged, while the fur acquires equal amount of positive charge. This classification of positive and negative charges were termed by American scientist, Benjamin Franklin.
Thus, charging a rod by rubbing does not create electricity, but simply transfers or redistributes the charges in a material.
2. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other - experimental verification.
A charged glass rod is suspended by a silk thread, such that it swings horizontally. Now another charged glass rod is brought near the end of the suspended glass rod. It is found that the ends of the two rods repel each other as diagram 1. However, if a charged ebonite rod is brought near the end of the suspended rod, the two rods attract each other as diagram 2. The above experiment shows that like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.
The property of attraction and repulsion between charged bodies have many applications such as electrostatic paint spraying, powder coating, fly?ash collection in chimneys, ink-jet printing and photostat copying (Xerox) etc.
3. Conductors and Insulators
According to the electrostatic behaviour, materials are divided into two categories : conductors and insulators (dielectrics). Bodies which allow the charges to pass through are called conductors. e.g. metals, human body, Earth etc. Bodies which do not allow the charges to pass through are called insulators. e.g. glass, mica, ebonite, plastic etc.
4. Basic properties of electric charge
Quantisation of electric charge
The fundamental unit of electric charge (e) is the charge carried by the electron and its unit is coulomb. e has the magnitude 1.6 x 10-19 C.
In nature, the electric charge of any system is always an integral multiple of the least amount of charge. It means that the quantity can take only one of the discrete set of values. The charge, q = ne where n is an integer.
Conservation of electric charge
Electric charges can neither be created nor destroyed. According to the law of conservation of electric charge, the total charge in an isolated system always remains constant. But the charges can be transferred from one part of the system to an
Nd
Electrostatics - frictional electricity
Posted On : 31.10.2015 06:27 am
The substances which acquire charges on rubbing are said to be 'electrified' or charged. These terms are derived from the Greek word elektron, meaning amber. The electricity produced by friction is called frictional electricity. If the charges in a body do not move, then, the frictional electricity is also known as Static Electricity.
Electrostatics
Electrostatics is the branch of Physics, which deals with static electric charges or charges at rest. In this chapter, we shall study the basic phenomena about static electric charges. The charges in a electrostatic field are analogous to masses in a gravitational field. These charges have forces acting on them and hence possess potential energy. The ideas are widely used in many branches of electricity and in the theory of atom.
Electrostatics - frictional electricity
In 600 B.C., Thales, a Greek Philosopher observed that, when a piece of amber is rubbed with fur, it acquires the property of attracting light objects like bits of paper. In the 17th century, William Gilbert discovered that, glass, ebonite etc, also exhibit this property, when rubbed with suitable materials.
The substances which acquire charges on rubbing are said to be 'electrified' or charged. These terms are derived from the Greek word elektron, meaning amber. The electricity produced by friction is called frictional electricity. If the charges in a body do not move, then, the frictional electricity is also known as Static Electricity.
1. Two kinds of charges
1. If a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, it acquires positive charge while the silk cloth acquires an equal amount of negative charge.
2. If an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, it becomes negatively charged, while the fur acquires equal amount of positive charge. This classification of positive and negative charges were termed by American scientist, Benjamin Franklin.
Thus, charging a rod by rubbing does not create electricity, but simply transfers or redistributes the charges in a material.
2. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other - experimental verification.
A charged glass rod is suspended by a silk thread, such that it swings horizontally. Now another charged glass rod is brought near the end of the suspended glass rod. It is found that the ends of the two rods repel each other as diagram 1. However, if a charged ebonite rod is brought near the end of the suspended rod, the two rods attract each other as diagram 2. The above experiment shows that like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.
The property of attraction and repulsion between charged bodies have many applications such as electrostatic paint spraying, powder coating, fly?ash collection in chimneys, ink-jet printing and photostat copying (Xerox) etc.
3. Conductors and Insulators
According to the electrostatic behaviour, materials are divided into two categories : conductors and insulators (dielectrics). Bodies which allow the charges to pass through are called conductors. e.g. metals, human body, Earth etc. Bodies which do not allow the charges to pass through are called insulators. e.g. glass, mica, ebonite, plastic etc.
4. Basic properties of electric charge
Quantisation of electric charge
The fundamental unit of electric charge (e) is the charge carried by the electron and its unit is coulomb. e has the magnitude 1.6 x 10-19 C.
In nature, the electric charge of any system is always an integral multiple of the least amount of charge. It means that the quantity can take only one of the discrete set of values. The charge, q = ne where n is an integer.
Conservation of electric charge
Electric charges can neither be created nor destroyed. According to the law of conservation of electric charge, the total charge in an isolated system always remains constant. But the charges can be transferred from one part of the system to an
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