what is fractional distillation? what is the principle on which it is based?
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Fractional Distillation is separation of a mixture into it's component parts / fractions.
The chemical compounds are separated by heating to a temp at which one or more fractions of the mixture will get vaporized.
or
When the mixture is heated, the liquid with lower boiling point boils and turns into vapours.
It's principle is based on the difference between the mixtures of two substances which is being used for the Distillation. As the substances have different Boiling Point. So, with the passage of heat different impurities show different Boiling Points and separated easily with the help of outlet pipe.
Example: The petroleum which is carried out from the surface of Earth is actually is not in it's pure form and it is fractioned in the Distillation column to get into it's purest form.
The chemical compounds are separated by heating to a temp at which one or more fractions of the mixture will get vaporized.
or
When the mixture is heated, the liquid with lower boiling point boils and turns into vapours.
It's principle is based on the difference between the mixtures of two substances which is being used for the Distillation. As the substances have different Boiling Point. So, with the passage of heat different impurities show different Boiling Points and separated easily with the help of outlet pipe.
Example: The petroleum which is carried out from the surface of Earth is actually is not in it's pure form and it is fractioned in the Distillation column to get into it's purest form.
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Answer:
Petroleum is mixture of various hydrocarbons having different boiling points. As the number of carbon atoms increase, the boiling point also increases. This property is used to separate the different components of petroleum and is known as fractional distillation.
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