Question

what is galvanometer

Answer 1

$\huge\mathfrak\blue{galvanometer}$

A galvanometer is an electromechanical instrument used for detecting and indicating an electric current. A galvanometer works as an actuator, by producing a rotary deflection, in response to electric current flowing through a coil in a constant magnetic field.

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Answer 2

$\huge{\mathfrak{\red{\underline{\underline{Galvanometer}}}}}$

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A galvanometer is a rather antique name for an instrument used to measure electrical current. Galvanometers invariably used a pointer needle as the indicator.
In some old-timey galvanometers, the resting position of the indicator needle was mid-scale, it being assumed that the user would not know beforehand which way the current might be flowing.
Some galvanometers have been used to sense residual unbalance in some bridge arrangement for measuring resistances, etc., in which case the center resting position makes more sense.
In these "zero-sensing" applications, precise calibration of the scale of the device is less important. 
In earlier times when electricity was less a familiar and routine commodity, an electrical current was sometimes referred to as a "galvanic" current, presumably to distinguish it from a water current.

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