What is Land Degradation? What are the different causes of land degradation in India
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Class 10 - Geography - Resources and Development
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Land degradation is defined as the temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, and the diminution of the productive potential, including its major land uses (e.g., rain-fed arable, irrigation, forests), its farming systems (e.g., smallholder subsistence), and its value as an economic resource.
Main Causes of Land Degradation are as follows:
1. Excessive Population Pressure on Land:
India’s population of over 1000 million people is more than that of the whole world prior to the Industrial Revolution.
2. Over-Irrigation:
Big irrigation projects no doubt have brought prosperity to millions of farmers. But, due to over-enthusiasm, many farmers have resorted to successive cropping and over-irrigation, thereby leading to water-logging and consequent salinisation and alkalinisation. This situation mainly arises due to poor drainage.
3. Floods and Droughts:
It is ironical that in India both floods and droughts occur regularly and alternately.
According to the National Commission on Agriculture (1976), there are three types of drought:
(i) Meteorological drought caused by a marked decrease in rainfall.
ii) Hydrological drought caused by prolonged meteorological drought and its consequent effects on water sources.
iii) agricultural droughts caused by insufficient rainfall to support crops.
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