Question

• What is meant by hrbridisation of atomic orbitals? • Describe the change in hybridisation Of the Al atom in the following reaction:- $\rm AlCl_3+Cl^{-}\longrightarrow AlCl_4^{-}.$ (Please dont copy from google)

Answer 1

AnswEr:-

• Hybridisation:- It is defined as the process of intermixing of atomic orbitals of slightly different energies to give rise to new hybridized orbitals having equal (equivalent) energy and identical shapes.

$\\ \rm{\underline{\underline{\bigstar{Electronic\: \: Configuration\: \: of\: \: _{13}Al:-}}}}$

$\tt = 1 {s}^{2} \: \: 2 {s}^{2 } \: \: 2 {p}^{6} \: \: 3 {s}^{1} \: \: 3p_x {}^{1} \: \: 3p_y {}^{1} . \\ \\ \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \rm(excited \: \: state). \: \: \: \:$

Hence hybridisation will be sp².

• In $\tt AlCl_4^{-}$ the empty $\tt 3p_z$ orbital is also involved. So the hybridisation in sp³ and the shape is tetrahedral.