what is modern democracy
Answers
Modern democracy in many ways is the opposite of ancient democracy. Modern democracy requires that there must be a constitution, that there must be equality before the law, there must be individual rights and liberties, there must be civil rights and liberties, there must be human rights and there must be the rule of law to enforce those rights and liberties. The government must be transparent and accountable. A major feature of modern democracy is that there must be institutions of democracy outside of the government such as a free and independent news media and widespread participation in labor unions. Modern democracy promotes the elimination of all remnants of aristocratic institutions.
Ancient democracy did disenfranchise a major portion of the population, there was no constitution, no branches of government, and only met in assembly of all eligible voters for direct democracy. It was imperfect in many ways and prone to mob rule and occasionally descended into chaos.
In the beginning, ancient philosophers speculated about the nature of ideal government. They more or less concluded that a monarchy is the best form. They also decided that democracy was equivalent to "mob rule" and chaos which gave the word democracy a bad name for over two thousand years. Even the authors of the American Revolution were skeptical of democracy for that same reason as the ancients. But the concepts of political philosophy were only in its infancy and so much so that the words "republic" and "democracy" seemed to mean almost the same thing at the time. In fact, whatever that thing was, it turns out that democracy was the Greek word for it and republic was the Latin word for it. However, by the end of eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth the pejorative understanding of democracy changed to a desirable and favorable one. I would call that the beginning of modern democracy when the word changed from a bad idea to a good one. Since then political philosophers and political scientists have attempted to beef up democracy by refining what principles it should have starting with ideas that are the opposite of the bad ones. For example, ancient democracy was associated with mob rule but modern democracy must be the opposite of that. Additionally, for all the flaws you might claim against democracy then modern democracy must have a solution. For example, the citizens should be informed in order to vote properly. Modern democracy says that the solution is that there must be a free and independent news media run by professional journalists with investigative powers.
Democracy consists of four basic elements: I want to begin with an overview of what democracy is. We can think of democracy as a system of government with four key elements: 1. A political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections. 2. The active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life. 3. Protection of the human rights of all citizens. 4. A rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens.
Since Nigeria returned to democracy in May 1999, after almost three decades of military rule, and almost two decades of economic crises, the country has been faced with the complex challenges of national reconciliation, national reconstruction and economic reform, and democratic consolidation. Even after holding the post-transition general elections in 2003, Nigeria continues to grapple with these challenges and the citizenry is still anxious to see and enjoy the benefits of “democracy dividends” – social welfare, justice, equity, and equal access to resources and power.
The rule of law and democracy in Nigerian politics.
MODERN democracies are confronted with a fundamental problem which may be defined as follows : How to curtail the freedom of the individual in economic enterprise sufficiently to effect that measure of equality of possessions and of opportunity without which democracy is no more than an empty form, and at the same time to preserve that measure of freedom of the individual in intellectual and political life without which it cannot exist? The problem may be otherwise stated: Can the flagrant inequality of possessions and of opportunity now existing in democratic societies be corrected by the democratic method? If it cannot be corrected by the democratic method, the resulting discontent and confusion will be certain, sooner or later, to issue in some form of revolutionary or military dictatorship. This then is the dilemma which confronts democratic societies: to solve their economic problems by the democratic method or to cease to be democratic societies.
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