What is outcross? Explain with example
Answers
Outcrossing or outbreeding is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It increases genetic diversity, thus reducing the probability of an individual being subject to disease or reducing genetic abnormalities.[citation needed]
It is used in line breeding, where animals carry a common ancestor in their pedigrees and are bred together, to restore vigor or size and fertility to a breeding line. It is a form of "inbreeding" which is the production of offspring by parents more closely related than the average.[1]
Outcrossing is now the norm of most purposeful animal breeding, contrary to what is commonly believed.[2][3][4][5] The outcrossing breeder intends to remove the traits by using "new blood". With dominant traits, one can still see the expression of the traits and can remove those traits whether one outcrosses, line breeds or inbreds. With recessive traits, outcrossing allows for the recessive traits to migrate across a population. The outcrossing breeder then may have individuals that have many deleterious genes that may be expressed by subsequent inbreeding. There is now a gamut of deleterious genes within each individual in many dog breeds.[6]
Increasing the variation of genes or alleles within the gene pool may protect against extinction by stressors from the environment. For example, in this context, a recent veterinary medicine study tried to determine the genetic diversity within cat breeds.[7]
Out-cross and its examples
Explanation:
Out-crossing involves the introduction of unrelated genetic material into the host to increase genetic diversity. The donor and the host in an out-crossing process do not share any common ancestry.
The offspring born as a result of this out-crossing is commonly known as an out-cross. Out-crossing is performed to enhance the genetic diversity off an organism to make it stronger towards common diseases and decrease its vulnerability to genetic disorders.
Many breeders use out-crossing to revitalize a line of animals by introducing fresh genetic material which increases the adaptability of the progeny.
Some common examples of out-cross include-
1)- Out-crossing in cattle.
2)- horses
3)- dogs