what is reactivity order of alcohol with haloacids
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The mechanism involves protonation of -OH , removal of water and finally formation of carbocation. As tertiary carbocations are more stable than secondary more stable than primary, the reactivity order also follows the same order.
Preparation of alkyl halides from alcohols and haloacids is given as:
ROH + HX
→
RX + H2O
The order of reactivity of haloacids on alcohols is:
HI > HBr > HCl
This order is in accordance with the bond dissociation energies of H-X bonds. The bond dissociation energy of HI is less than that of HBr which in turn is less than that of HCl.
Reactivity of alcohols towards this reaction is:
tertiary > secondary > primary
This is because of the fact that greater the number of electron releasing groups (alkyl groups) on the
α
-carbon atom of the alcohol, more is the polarity of C-OH. As a result, the cleavage of C-O bond becomes easy and reactivity increases.
Preparation of alkyl halides from alcohols and haloacids is given as:
ROH + HX
→
RX + H2O
The order of reactivity of haloacids on alcohols is:
HI > HBr > HCl
This order is in accordance with the bond dissociation energies of H-X bonds. The bond dissociation energy of HI is less than that of HBr which in turn is less than that of HCl.
Reactivity of alcohols towards this reaction is:
tertiary > secondary > primary
This is because of the fact that greater the number of electron releasing groups (alkyl groups) on the
α
-carbon atom of the alcohol, more is the polarity of C-OH. As a result, the cleavage of C-O bond becomes easy and reactivity increases.
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