Question

What is temporary and permanent hardness of water?

Answer 1

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Hard water contains dissolved magnesium and calcium ions. These make it more difficult for the water to form a lather with soap. Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate (which is removed by boiling). Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved calcium sulfate (which is not removed by boiling).

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Answer 2

Hard water contains dissolved magnesium and calcium ions. These make it more difficult for the water to form a lather with soap.

Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate (which is removed by boiling).

Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved calcium sulfate (which is not removed by boiling).

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