What is the basis of judging the quality of coal?
Answers
The quality of coal is generally judged by two factors.ie; the total ash content and useful heating value or calorific value are the two determinants. The suflur and water content are also taken into conisderation,depending on the enduse for which coal is being used.
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Coal is one of the most essential fossil fuels. In 2012, the worldwide stone coal output was about 6.6 billion metric tons [1]. A large amount of the global traded stone coal is mined in China, Russia, USA, and India. Compared to the huge amount of mined coal, the required sample volume for the characterization of coal, varying from a few mg up to 1 g, seems incredibly small. The characterization of coal is crucial for its quality assessment and additional use. Based on the product quality, coal is appropriate for steel production, coking, or electrical power generation. The following article analyzes the chemical background of proximate and ultimate coal analysis and how these parameters are measured with ELTRA’s combustion and thermogravimetric analyzers.
The most common types of coal (bituminous, lignite, and anthracite) can be differentiated by their diverse physical and chemical properties. The elements carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) are the most regularly measured elements. Also, the mineral content of the ash (especially silica, ferric oxide, alumina, etc.) is determined. Coal is characterized by more or less physically established parameters such as volatiles, moisture, and ash content, and also calorific value and ash fusion temperature.
Proximate Coal Analysis (Physical Testing)
Given the diversity of parameters which impact the quality of coal, it appears rather ambitious to name one parameter which ideally describes the coal quality. Due to the fact that coal is typically used as fuel the calorific value is ideal to give a first impression of the product quality. For a first (“proximate”) analysis of coal, the calorific value, ash, moisture, and volatile content are measured. Based on these data the so-called fixed carbon content is calculated. Table 1 illustrates the key types of coal with their calorific value and the content of volatiles.
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