what is the order of energies of various molecular orbitals?
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Answer:
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The first ten molecular orbitals may be arranged in order of energy as follow:
σ(1s) <σ∗(1s) < σ(2s) <σ∗(2s) < π(2px) = π(2py) < σ(2pz) < π∗(2px) =π∗(2py) <π∗( 2pz)
Molecular orbital energy level
Relationship between electronic configuration and Molecular behaviour
1) Stability of molecules in terms of bonding and antibonding electrons
Number of electrons present in the bonding orbitals is represented by Nb and the number of electrons present in antibonding orbitals by Na.
1) If Nb > Na ,the molecule is stable because greater number of bonding orbitals are occupied than antibonding orbital, resulting in a net force of attraction.
2) If Nb < Na , the molecule is unstable because the antibonding influence is greater than the bonding influence, resulting in net force of repulsion.
3) If Nb = Na ,the molecule is again unstable because influence of electrons in the antibonding molecular orbital is greater than the bond influence of electron in the bonding molecular orbitals.
2) Stability of molecules in terms of bond order
Bond order is defined as half of the difference between the number of electrons present in the bonding and antibonding orbitals.
Bond Order = ½ ( Nb – Na)
The molecule is stable if Nb > Na ie. bond order is positive. The molecule is unstable if Nb < Na i.e. the bond order is negative or zero.
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Explanation:
The interaction of four valence atomic orbitals on one atom (2s, 2px, 2py and 2pz) with a set of four atomic orbitals on another atom leads to the formation of a total of eight molecular orbitals: 2s, 2s*, 2p, 2p*, x, y, x*, and y*.