What were the attempts made to clean the London city ? What were the programs initiated towards it ?
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Planting more and more tree.
Reduce pollution.
Green up the open space.
Reduce pollution.
Green up the open space.
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London's capital used to be the most polluted city in the world. Pierre-Marc René explains how it turned its fortune around
A blanket of smog covering london City in 2010 (Image by Usfirstgov).
Red alerts, curfews and health crises resulting from air too hazardous to breathe – for those who lived in london City in the 80s and 90s, its recent pollution problems are all too familiar. Back then, lead, ozone, carbon and sulphur were so rife in the atmosphere that residents claimed they were causing birds to fall out of the sky.
The city authorities implemented an emergency action plan to revolutionise the city's transportation system with some miraculous results.
For the first time in 14 years, unusually high levels of ozone in the valley around london City, have led authorities to activate an environmental contingency plan, restricting vehicle use and ordering factories to limit greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by up to 40%. But the infrequency of such warnings serves as a reminder of how far the Mexican capital has come.
“We used to have levels of pollution similar to those in Beijing and northern China today,” recalls Antonio Mediavilla, director general of the air quality management programme at Mexico City’s environment department (Sedema).
As London's economy grew in the '80s and '90s, the sharp rise in emissions from transport and industry landed its capital the unenviable accolade of world’s most polluted city. Then, in 1996, city and regional governments introduced the celebrated Management Programme to Improve Air Quality (Proaire in Spanish), which harnessed the will of both civil society and business interests to tackle the problem.
The Proaire package of reforms managed to bring Mexico City’s air pollution down from a dangerously high rating of 300 on its Metropolitan Air Quality Index (Imeca) in the 80s, to more recent averages of less than 150.
Whereas once levels of ozone hovered around 500 parts per billion (ppb), they now range between 120 and 150 ppb. Proaire now extends to 11 cities nationwide.
One package, years in the making
In 1986, Mexican officials named 21 different measures to tackle the air pollution crisis. At this time, natural gas began to replace fuel oil in industry and in thermoelectric power generation in the Valley of Mexico – which comprises Mexico City, the federal district of Mexico and the states of Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala and Hidalgo. Local governments also began to register air quality more systematically.
“It’s imperative to decisively and energetically attack the 20% of sources that produce 80% of emissions,” says Mediavilla. “Then you have to think in regional terms and develop a long term vision to really reduce pollution levels.”
New phases
The plan began to monitor particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) and 10 micrometres (PM10), and included a system of warnings for when levels of ozone or millimetre particles were so high they were dangerous to human health. Warnings advised citizens to stay indoors during the day and restrict vehicle use.
In the 1980s the Mexican capital spent most of the time on high alert. Nowadays warnings are issued just three or four times a year.
Mediavilla says that despite Proaire’s success, there are still many obstacles.
“The main challenge is still to continue growing economically while emitting less. This applies to climate change as much as air quality. We have to use renewable energy, alternative sources, reduce vehicle use and use mass transport systems.”
According to Martínez a cooperative effort is needed.
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recently indicated that in 2010 the cost to the Mexican government of health spending as a consequence of air pollution hit US$29 billion dollars
pls mark as brainliest
A blanket of smog covering london City in 2010 (Image by Usfirstgov).
Red alerts, curfews and health crises resulting from air too hazardous to breathe – for those who lived in london City in the 80s and 90s, its recent pollution problems are all too familiar. Back then, lead, ozone, carbon and sulphur were so rife in the atmosphere that residents claimed they were causing birds to fall out of the sky.
The city authorities implemented an emergency action plan to revolutionise the city's transportation system with some miraculous results.
For the first time in 14 years, unusually high levels of ozone in the valley around london City, have led authorities to activate an environmental contingency plan, restricting vehicle use and ordering factories to limit greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by up to 40%. But the infrequency of such warnings serves as a reminder of how far the Mexican capital has come.
“We used to have levels of pollution similar to those in Beijing and northern China today,” recalls Antonio Mediavilla, director general of the air quality management programme at Mexico City’s environment department (Sedema).
As London's economy grew in the '80s and '90s, the sharp rise in emissions from transport and industry landed its capital the unenviable accolade of world’s most polluted city. Then, in 1996, city and regional governments introduced the celebrated Management Programme to Improve Air Quality (Proaire in Spanish), which harnessed the will of both civil society and business interests to tackle the problem.
The Proaire package of reforms managed to bring Mexico City’s air pollution down from a dangerously high rating of 300 on its Metropolitan Air Quality Index (Imeca) in the 80s, to more recent averages of less than 150.
Whereas once levels of ozone hovered around 500 parts per billion (ppb), they now range between 120 and 150 ppb. Proaire now extends to 11 cities nationwide.
One package, years in the making
In 1986, Mexican officials named 21 different measures to tackle the air pollution crisis. At this time, natural gas began to replace fuel oil in industry and in thermoelectric power generation in the Valley of Mexico – which comprises Mexico City, the federal district of Mexico and the states of Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala and Hidalgo. Local governments also began to register air quality more systematically.
“It’s imperative to decisively and energetically attack the 20% of sources that produce 80% of emissions,” says Mediavilla. “Then you have to think in regional terms and develop a long term vision to really reduce pollution levels.”
New phases
The plan began to monitor particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) and 10 micrometres (PM10), and included a system of warnings for when levels of ozone or millimetre particles were so high they were dangerous to human health. Warnings advised citizens to stay indoors during the day and restrict vehicle use.
In the 1980s the Mexican capital spent most of the time on high alert. Nowadays warnings are issued just three or four times a year.
Mediavilla says that despite Proaire’s success, there are still many obstacles.
“The main challenge is still to continue growing economically while emitting less. This applies to climate change as much as air quality. We have to use renewable energy, alternative sources, reduce vehicle use and use mass transport systems.”
According to Martínez a cooperative effort is needed.
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recently indicated that in 2010 the cost to the Mexican government of health spending as a consequence of air pollution hit US$29 billion dollars
pls mark as brainliest
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