What will happen to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?
Answers
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1. If the water concentration of the cells cytoplasm is lower then that of the medium (i.e. the medium is a hypotonic solution) surrounding the cell then osmosis will result in the cell gaining water. The water molecules are free to pass across the cell membrane in both directions, but more water molecules will enter the cell than will diffuse out with the result that water enters the cell, which will then swell up and could possibly burst.
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A hypertonic solution is one where the concentration of solute is higher in comparison to the concentration of the cell sap of the cell that is placed in it.
The process of osmosis involves the movement of solvent molecules from a region of their higher concentration, to a region of their lower concentration.
Since the concentration of the solution surrounding the cell is higher than the concentration of the sap inside it, that ultimately means that the solvent molecules will move out of the cell, as the concentration of the solvent is higher inside the cell as compared to the outside.
In this process, a cell will lose water and shrink when placed in a hypertonic solution.
However, a plant cell is surrounded by a rigid cell wall. And so, the cell does shrink, but it does so by slowly losing water and forming a spherical mass, by the plasma membrane moving away from the cell wall. This is known as plasmolysis.
When the process of plasmolysis has just begun, and the plasma membrane has slightly retreated back from the cell, then it is known as incipient plasmolysis.
Moreover, if the hypertonic solution is very much concentrated, then the cell will get more plasmolysed, and after a while, the gap between the cell wall and the cell membrane will get filled with the external solution.