Which of the following features are types of folds? Select all that apply please
anticlines and synclines
monoclines
horsts and grabens
scarps
domes and basins
Answers
Answer:
The following features are types of folds - anticlines , synclines,
monoclines
Explanation:
Fold, in geology, undulation or waves in the stratified rocks of Earth’s crust. Stratified rocks were originally formed from sediments that were deposited in flat horizontal sheets, but in a number of places the strata are no longer horizontal but have been warped. Sometimes the warping is so gentle that the inclination of the strata is barely perceptible, or the warping may be so pronounced that the strata of the two flanks may be essentially parallel or lie nearly flat (as in the case of a recumbent fold). Folds vary widely in size; some are several kilometres or even hundreds of kilometres across, and others measure just a few centimetres or less. The tops of large folds are commonly eroded away on Earth’s surface, exposing the cross sections of the inclined strata.
Folds are generally classified according to the attitude of their axes and their appearance in cross sections perpendicular to the trend of the fold. The axial plane of a fold is the plane or surface that divides the fold as symmetrically as possible. The axial plane may be vertical, horizontal, or inclined at any intermediate angle. An axis of a fold is the intersection of the axial plane with one of the strata of which the fold is composed. Although in the simpler types of folds the axis is horizontal or gently inclined, it may be steeply inclined or even vertical. The angle of inclination of the axis, as measured from the horizontal, is called the plunge. The portions of the fold between adjacent axes form the flanks, limbs, or slopes of a fold.
An anticline is a fold that is convex upward, and a syncline is a fold that is concave upward. An anticlinorium is a large anticline on which minor folds are superimposed, and a synclinorium is a large syncline on which minor folds are superimposed. A symmetrical fold is one in which the axial plane is vertical. An asymmetrical fold is one in which the axial plane is inclined. An overturned fold, or overfold, has the axial plane inclined to such an extent that the strata on one limb are overturned. A recumbent fold has an essentially horizontal axial plane. When the two limbs of a fold are essentially parallel to each other and thus approximately parallel to the axial plane, the fold is called isoclinal.
Many folds are distinctly linear; that is, their extent parallel to the axis is many times their width. Some folds, however, are not linear but are more or less circular in plan. A dome is such a fold that is convex upward; this means that its strata dip outward from a central area. A basin is a circular fold that is concave upward—i.e., the strata dip inward toward a central area.
Options (A), (B) and (E)
Explanation:
Folds are usually defined as wavy structures that are developed in a sedimentary sequence of rocks. These are formed due to the compressional force acting on the rocks from opposite directions. These are major and prominent geological features that are studied in the field of structural geology.
From the given options, the types of features include-
- Anticline and Syncline- These are types of folds determined by the orientation of the oldest and the youngest rocks. In Anticlines, the oldest rocks are present in its core, whereas, in synclines, the youngest rocks are present near the fold axis.
- Monocline- These are step-like fold that is caused due to the compressional force, causing it to become non-horizontal.
- Domes and basin- Dome and basins are two folds in which the domes are the elevated areas, whereas basins are circular depressions, and they are commonly found in the topographic maps.
Thus, the correct answer is options (A), (B) and (E).
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