Question

which of the following particles would on losing an electron has a half filled set of p orbital? a.C. , N , N- , O-

Answer 1

Answer:

Nitrogen

Explanation:

Nitrogen have half filled p orbital on losing one electron.before losing an electron it has completely filled 2s orbital and half filled p orbital..

Answer 2

Nitrogen ($N^{-}$) has a  half filled set of p orbital after loosing an electron.

• The electronic configuration of elements is written based on the atomic number of the element. Each element has a unique atomic number assigned to it which can be determined from the periodic table.
• However, when the element loses or gains electrons in order to form bonds or attain stability the atomic number changes along with its electronic configuration.
• The electronic configurations of elements are used to obtain the number of electrons residing in each orbitals. There are a total of 5 orbital configurations in which the electrons can reside in namely s, p, d and f.
• The electronic configuration of an element is given by a principle known as Aufbau’s principle which gives the order of filling of the orbitals.
• The order needs to be followed in order to fill these orbitals but this may vary in some special cases when the stability of the atoms need to be attained.
• A half filled and a fully filled orbital gives a large amount of stability to the atom due to its symmetry.
• The half filled configuration is only possible for p, d and f orbitals because s has only 2 orbitals whereas p, d and f have 3, 5 and 7 orbitals respectively.
• Each orbital may consist of a total of 2 electrons that can reside in it. P orbital consists of 3 orbitals in which there is a vacancy of 6 spots which means that a maximum of 6 electrons can reside in the p orbital.
• There is one electron present in each orbital which means that each orbital is singly occupied which means that, a half filled p orbital has 3 electrons residing in it.

As per Aufbau’s principle the filling occurs in this manner:

Carbon (C) in ground state electronic configuration is given as:

$C : 1s^{2}\;s^{2} \;2p^{2}$  [∵ Atomic number of C: 6]

When C looses an electron (as given in question) it attains the configuration:

$C^{+}:1s^{2}\;s^{2} \;2p^{1}$

Hence, C does not have a half filled p orbital.

The electronic configuration of Oxygen ($O^{-}$)  after gaining an electron is given as:

$O^{-} : 1s^{2}\;s^{2} \;2p^{5}$  [∵ Atomic number of O: 8]

When $O^{-}$ looses an electron it attains the configuration:

$O:1s^{2}\;s^{2} \;2p^{4}$

Hence, $O^{-}$ does not have a half filled p orbital.

Nitrogen (N) in ground state electronic configuration is when it does not lose or gain any electrons and is in its normal state. The configuration is as follows:

$N : 1s^{2}\;s^{2} \;2p^{3}$  [∵ Atomic number of N is: 7]

On loosing an electron we have:

$N : 1s^{2}\;s^{2} \;2p^{2}$

Even-though N in ground state has a half filled p orbital, on loosing an electron it has only 2 electrons in its p orbital

The same N when it gains a single electron becomes $N^{-}$ and hence its electronic configuration is:

$N^{-}:1s^{2}\;s^{2} \;2p^{4}$

On loosing an electron it becomes:

$N : 1s^{2}\;s^{2} \;2p^{3}$

On loosing a single electron $N^{-}$ becomes N again and N has a half filled p orbital with 3 electrons ( 1 in each orbital) and thus $N^{-}$ is the one that has a half filled p orbital.

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