Which reactions take place while co2 turns to carbohydrates?
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process plants use to produce oxygen and carbohydrates. Plants are both producers and consumers of oxygen and carbohydrates. The process is divided into two parts: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. All of these reactions take place in a small structure in plant cells called chloroplasts. The light-dependent and light-independent reactions take place concurrently during the daytime.
Light-Dependent Reactions
The light-dependent reactions take place in structures inside the chloroplast called thylakoids. Plants need sunlight and water for the light-dependent reactions. The energy of the Sun is used to create the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate, ATP, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH. Photons of light hit photosynthetic pigments in the thlyakoid membrane, which excites electrons and begins the process of energy transfer. The water molecules are split, creating oxygen, which can be used by the plant or released to the atmosphere, and hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions and electrons are used to convert NADP+ to NADPH. An accumulation of hydrogen ions on one side of the thylakoid membrane also provides the energy needed to produce ATP from the lower energy form ADP.
Light-Independent Reactions
The light-independent reactions are also known as the Calvin cycle, which is the process that produces carbohydrates. The high-energy products of the light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH, are required ingredients to drive the carbohydrate building process. A third required ingredient is CO2, which plants get from their own metabolic processes or from taking it up from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide reacts with the molecule ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, RuBP, with the help of the catalyst ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, RuBisCO. This starts three rounds of a cyclical series of reactions in which three CO2 molecules are converted into a compound called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which is converted into various nutrients -- fats, proteins and carbohydrates. RuBP is replenished at the end of each cycle. The used up ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP and NADP+, respectively, which are used for the light-dependent reactions.
Photosynthesis is the process plants use to produce oxygen and carbohydrates. Plants are both producers and consumers of oxygen and carbohydrates. The process is divided into two parts: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. All of these reactions take place in a small structure in plant cells called chloroplasts. The light-dependent and light-independent reactions take place concurrently during the daytime.
Light-Dependent Reactions
The light-dependent reactions take place in structures inside the chloroplast called thylakoids. Plants need sunlight and water for the light-dependent reactions. The energy of the Sun is used to create the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate, ATP, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH. Photons of light hit photosynthetic pigments in the thlyakoid membrane, which excites electrons and begins the process of energy transfer. The water molecules are split, creating oxygen, which can be used by the plant or released to the atmosphere, and hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions and electrons are used to convert NADP+ to NADPH. An accumulation of hydrogen ions on one side of the thylakoid membrane also provides the energy needed to produce ATP from the lower energy form ADP.
Light-Independent Reactions
The light-independent reactions are also known as the Calvin cycle, which is the process that produces carbohydrates. The high-energy products of the light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH, are required ingredients to drive the carbohydrate building process. A third required ingredient is CO2, which plants get from their own metabolic processes or from taking it up from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide reacts with the molecule ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, RuBP, with the help of the catalyst ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, RuBisCO. This starts three rounds of a cyclical series of reactions in which three CO2 molecules are converted into a compound called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which is converted into various nutrients -- fats, proteins and carbohydrates. RuBP is replenished at the end of each cycle. The used up ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP and NADP+, respectively, which are used for the light-dependent reactions.
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