why are emissions if alpha -particle , beta -particle and gamma rays called nuclear phenomenon ?
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A nuclear phenomenon is something that happens due to changes in the nucleus of an atom. For example, splitting of a nucleus into two, or merging of two nucleus, or the decay of a proton inside the nucleus, all of these are phenomenon that introduce a change in the nucleus of the parent atom, and hence these phenomenon are called nuclear phenomenon.
Now coming to your question, we see that :-
- In alpha decay, the parent nuclei splits into two daughter nuclei, one of which is always a Helium nucleus, often called as the alpha particle.
- In beta decay, electrons or positrons are emitted due to decay of neutrons and protons, to attain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons.
- In gamma decay, a nucleus in exited state lowers its energy by emitting photons.
In all the three phenomenon, there is emission of particles or energy or even both, from the nucleus. This of course introduces a change in the parent nuclei and hence these phenomenon are referred to as nuclear phenomenon.
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