Question

Why are mosses and liverworts unable to complete their sexual mode o reproduction in dry?

Answer 1

Mosses, ferns, and fungi all reproduce with spores. Spores are an
important adaptation that allowed the ancestors of these organisms to
reproduce on land. A spore is a single reproductive cell that is pro-
tected by a hard, watertight covering. The covering prevents the cell
from drying out. Spores are small and can be transported through the
air. This means offspring from spores can grow in places that are dis-
tant from the parent organisms.
The green moss plants you are familiar with have grown from
spores. They represent the first generation. Within a clump of moss
are both male and female reproductive structures. When conditions
are right, these structures produce sperm and eggs. Fertilization can
occur only if water is present because the tiny moss sperm move by
swimming. A layer of water left by rain is one way sperm can move to
the eggs on another part of the plant.
The fertilized egg grows into a stalk with a capsule on the end—
the second generation of the plant. The stalk and capsule grow from
the female moss plant. Inside the capsule, the process of meiosis pro-
duces thousands of tiny spores. When the spores are released, as
shown in the photograph, the cycle can begin again.
capsule
stalk spores


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