Why do we prefer ring and open pipe type sparger at industrial level in order to synthesize biological products?
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Answer:
14.3.3 Materials of Construction
Fermenters are constructed from materials that can withstand repeated steam sterilisation and cleaning cycles. Materials contacting the fermentation medium and broth should also be nonreactive and nonabsorptive. Glass is used to construct fermenters of capacity up to about 30 litres. The advantages of glass are that it is smooth, nontoxic, corrosion-proof, and transparent for easy inspection of the vessel contents. Because entry ports are required for medium, inoculum, air, and instruments such as pH and temperature sensors, glass fermenters are usually equipped with stainless steel headplates containing many screw fittings.
Most pilot- and large-scale fermenters are made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel, although mild steel with stainless steel cladding has also been used. Cheaper grades of stainless steel may be used for the jacket and other surfaces isolated from the broth. Copper and copper-containing materials must be avoided in all parts of the fermenter contacting the culture because of the toxic effect on cells. Interior steel surfaces are polished to a bright ‘mirror’ finish to facilitate cleaning and sterilisation of the reactor; welds on the interior of the vessel are ground flush before polishing. Electropolishing is preferred over mechanical polishing, which leaves tiny ridges and grooves in the metal that accumulate dirt and microorganisms.
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