why does the speed of earth's rotation diminish away from the equator?
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The equator is further away from the (just imagined central pole) than the North and South poles. In this case, the same point on the equator has to travel a larger distance, a larger radius or call it circumference, to get to the same point. Therefore, the speed of rotation at the poles, decreases.
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At the equator, the circumference of the Earth is 40,070 kilometers, and the day is 24 hours long so the speed is 1670 kilometers/hour ( 1037 miles/hr). This decreases by the cosine of your latitude so that at a latitude of 45 degrees, cos(45) = . 707 and the speed is .
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