Question

why gas changes into liquid on cooling?
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Answer 1

Atoms are made up of electrons and protons, and these electrons are not equally distributed around atoms to cancel out the charges perfectly at all times. They move all around the nucleus and create slight partial charges when more of them are on one side than another. It is these partial charges that allow matter to connect together in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. However, these interactions are weakened when thermal energy is added. As the matter moves around more rapidly, the small partial charges are not enough to hold the matter together, and the matter splits up into a gas. All matter that is connected is essentially connected either by these fluctuations in partial charges, or connected by stronger interactions called bonds. Depending on the strength of the interactions, it takes more thermal energy to break them.

To more directly answer you question, gases have atoms or molecules moving at high speeds and with a lot of kinetic energy, so weak interactions can’t hold them together. Imagine two cars driving past each other at 50 mph and the drivers sticking their hands out to grab each other and stop the cars. It won’t happen. Now if you reduce the temperature, these interactions can hold the matter together, and the matter becomes a liquid.
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Answer 2

gas changes into liquid on cooling because gas particles become cooledand water vapours or moisture present have water and the state changes on cooling
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