Question

why natural satellite do not Twinkle

Answer 1

Short answer
: Stars twinkle because they’re so far away from Earth that when light from the stars passes through the atmosphere, it is bent countless times due to refraction, making it look like as if they were blinking. The sun doesn’t twinkle because it’s too close to Earth compared to other stars.

Earth’s Atmosphere

Astronomers have provided a scientific name for the twinkling of stars: astronomical scintillation.

That also explains the reason why astronomers don’t write songs for young children; it would have been a lot harder to remember songs about twinkling stars with words like scintillation thrown in there…

Why the Sun Does Not Twinkle

The other stars that we see in the sky are located very far away from Earth. The Sun is definitely the closest star to Earth, sitting approximately 93 million miles(0.0000158 light years) away. The next closest star, however, is located about 4.22 light years away from Earth, so that gives you some impression of how far away those other stars truly are from Earth.

The reason the Sun doesn’t twinkle is because it’s too close to the Earth, as compared to other stars. Due to this, unlike stars, the sun appears much bigger than a small point in the sky, and therefore, doesn’t seem to twinkle. You see, Earth’s atmosphere is so turbulent that images of all objects in the sky tend to ‘swim’. Consequently, a tiny point in space gets mapped to 2 or more points in space, which imparts that blinking effect to the point source. (Source)

In other words, stars appear so small (thanks to their distance from us) that due to atmospheric refraction, it appearsas if they are at more than one place, which, in turn, makes them look like as if they were blinking. The sun, however, is quite close and therefore looks more like a disk as opposed to a tiny point in the vastness of space. That’s why atmospheric refraction doesn’t play that big a role in how we perceive it from Earth, and hence, doesn’t appear to blink.

Why Do Other Stars Twinkle?

Light from other stars crosses a very long distance to reach us and also passes through pockets of Earth’s atmosphere, which vary in temperature and density. Our atmosphere is very turbulent, with streams and eddies forming, churning around, and dispersing all the time. Every layer of Earth’s atmosphere has air moving in different directions at different intensities. When light from stars passes through the atmosphere, it is bent due to refraction, which is why stars seem to twinkle when we stare at them.If viewed from outer space, you would not see the stars twinkling.

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