write a long note on ( 5 marks ) non cooperation movement
civil disobedience movement
Answers
Answer:The Non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi born in 2 October in Gujarat Mahatma Gandhi with the aim of self-governance and obtaining full independence as the Indian National Congress withdrew its support for British reforms following the Rowlatt Act of 17 March 1919, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919.[1][2]
The Rowlatt Act in March 1919, suspended the rights of defendants in sedition trials,[1]was seen as a "political awakening" by Indians and as a "threat" by the British.[3] Although it was never invoked and declared void just a few years later,[2] the Act motivated Gandhi to conceive the idea of satyagraha (truth), which he saw as synonymous with independence. This idea was also authorised the following month by Jawaharlal Nehru, for who the massacre also endorsed “the conviction that nothing short of independence was acceptable”.[1]
Gandhi's planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and economy in India",[4] including British industries and educational institutions.[4] In addition to promoting “self-reliance” by spinning khadi, buying Indian made goods only and doing away with English clothes, Gandhi ‘s non-cooperation movement called for the restoration of the Khilafat in Turkey and the end to untouchability. The resulting public held meetings and strikes (hartals) led to the first arrests of both Jawaharlal Nehru and his father, Motilal Nehru, on 6 December 1921.[5]
It was one of the movements for Indian independence from British rule[6] and ended, as Nehru described in his autobiography, "suddenly" in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.[7] Subsequent independence movements were the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement.[6]
Through non-violent means or Ahimsa, protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops.[citation needed] The ideas of Ahimsa and non-violence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence
Explanation:
Non Co-operation movement:
Non co-operation movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi on 1 August 1920. The main motive of this Non co-operation was to obtain the full independence to India from Britishers and having independent self governance to India.
Mahatma Gandhi realized that there is no any prospect of getting treatment from British, so Gandhiji started the Non Co-operation movement. But, Due to government of Britishers in 1920, This movement was failed. Further in 1927, the simmon commission reformed the structure of Indian Government.
Civil Disobedience:
Civil disobedience movement was lead by Mahatma Gandhi. This movement was started at Congress session of December 1929. The main aim of this movement was to Disobedience the orders of British government, such that British government should get in trouble and they should live India. During this movement, Mahatma Gandhi decided that India will be celebrating Independence day on 26th January from 1930.
Due to which, the congress meetings were held all over the India and all Indian people were protesting; To handle this condition, Britishers killed hundreds of people and firing. During this movement, Gandhiji was arrested with the thousands of other people.
During this movement, Bhagat singh, Sukh Dev and Rajguru was also arrested on throwing a bomb on Central Assembly Hall.