Write a note on the Earth.Answer the given question in detail.
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Earth, our home planet, is the only planet in its solar system known to harbor life. All of the things we need to survive are provided under a thin layer of atmosphere that separates us from the uninhabitable void of space.
Earth is made up of complex, interactive systems that are often unpredictable. Air, water, land, and life—including humans—combine forces to create a constantly changing world.
Earth is the planet we live on. ... Earth is the only planet in our solar system that has a large amount of liquid water. About 71% of the surface of Earth is covered by oceans. Because of this, people sometimes call it "blue planet". Because of its water, Earth is home to millions of species of plants and animals.
The fact that Earth hosts not just life, but intelligent life, makes it doubly unique. And the planet's intelligent life (humanity) has even developed rockets that enable travel beyond the planet.
"The fact that Earth has plate tectonics allows for the carbon-silicate cycle to operate over geological timescales," Valencia said. "With the carbon-silicate cycle, the levels of carbon in the atmosphere get regulated to keep the surface temperature around that of liquid water."
Life on Earth may also owe a debt to our nearest celestial neighbor, the moon.
Earth's moon stabilizes our planet's rotation, preventing drastic movements of the poles that could cause massive changes in climate that some scientists think could have doomed any chance for budding life to form or evolve.
Understanding the basic structure of earth is very important to learn higher concepts well. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earth’s interior.
Structure of the earth’s interior
Structure of earth’s interior is fundamentally divided into three layers – crust, mantle and core.
Crust
It is the outermost solid part of the earth, normally about 8-40 kms thick.
It is brittle in nature.
Nearly 1% of the earth’s volume and 0.5% of earth’s mass are made of the crust.
The thickness of the crust under the oceanic and continental areas are different. Oceanic crust is thinner (about 5kms) as compared to the continental crust (about 30kms).
Major constituent elements of crust are Silica (Si) and Aluminium (Al) and thus, it is often termed as SIAL(Sometimes SIAL is used to refer Lithosphere, which is the region comprising the crust and uppermost solid mantle, also).
The mean density of the materials in the crust is 3g/cm3.
The discontinuity between the hydrosphere and crust is termed as the Conrad Discontinuity.
Mantle
The portion of the interior beyond the crust is called as the mantle.
The discontinuity between the crust and mantle is called as the Mohorovich Discontinuity or Moho discontinuity.
The mantle is about 2900kms in thickness.
Nearly 84% of the earth’s volume and 67% of the earth’s mass is occupied by the mantle.
The major constituent elements of the mantle are Silicon and Magnesium and hence it is also termed as SIMA.
The density of the layer is higher than the crust and varies from 3.3 – 5.4g/cm3.
The uppermost solid part of the mantle and the entire crust constitute the Lithosphere.
The asthenosphere (in between 80-200km) is a highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductile, deforming region of the upper mantle which lies just below the lithosphere.
The asthenosphere is the main source of magma and it is the layer over which the lithospheric plates/ continental plates move (plate tectonics).
The discontinuity between the upper mantle and the lower mantle is known as Repetti Discontinuity.
The portion of the mantle which is just below the lithosphere and asthenosphere, but above the core is called as Mesosphere.
Core
It is the innermost layer surrounding the earth’s centre.
The core is separated from the mantle by Guttenberg’s Discontinuity.
It is composed mainly of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) and hence it is also called as NIFE.
The core constitutes nearly 15% of earth’s volume and 32.5% of earth’s mass.
The core is the densest layer of the earth with its density ranges between 9.5-14.5g/cm3.
The Core consists of two sub-layers: the inner core and the outer core.
The inner core is in solid state and the outer core is in the liquid state (or semi-liquid).
The discontinuity between the upper core and the lower core is called as Lehmann Discontinuity.
Barysphere is sometimes used to refer the core of the earth or sometimes the whole interior.
MAY THIS HELP U MY FRND!!!!!
Earth is made up of complex, interactive systems that are often unpredictable. Air, water, land, and life—including humans—combine forces to create a constantly changing world.
Earth is the planet we live on. ... Earth is the only planet in our solar system that has a large amount of liquid water. About 71% of the surface of Earth is covered by oceans. Because of this, people sometimes call it "blue planet". Because of its water, Earth is home to millions of species of plants and animals.
The fact that Earth hosts not just life, but intelligent life, makes it doubly unique. And the planet's intelligent life (humanity) has even developed rockets that enable travel beyond the planet.
"The fact that Earth has plate tectonics allows for the carbon-silicate cycle to operate over geological timescales," Valencia said. "With the carbon-silicate cycle, the levels of carbon in the atmosphere get regulated to keep the surface temperature around that of liquid water."
Life on Earth may also owe a debt to our nearest celestial neighbor, the moon.
Earth's moon stabilizes our planet's rotation, preventing drastic movements of the poles that could cause massive changes in climate that some scientists think could have doomed any chance for budding life to form or evolve.
Understanding the basic structure of earth is very important to learn higher concepts well. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earth’s interior.
Structure of the earth’s interior
Structure of earth’s interior is fundamentally divided into three layers – crust, mantle and core.
Crust
It is the outermost solid part of the earth, normally about 8-40 kms thick.
It is brittle in nature.
Nearly 1% of the earth’s volume and 0.5% of earth’s mass are made of the crust.
The thickness of the crust under the oceanic and continental areas are different. Oceanic crust is thinner (about 5kms) as compared to the continental crust (about 30kms).
Major constituent elements of crust are Silica (Si) and Aluminium (Al) and thus, it is often termed as SIAL(Sometimes SIAL is used to refer Lithosphere, which is the region comprising the crust and uppermost solid mantle, also).
The mean density of the materials in the crust is 3g/cm3.
The discontinuity between the hydrosphere and crust is termed as the Conrad Discontinuity.
Mantle
The portion of the interior beyond the crust is called as the mantle.
The discontinuity between the crust and mantle is called as the Mohorovich Discontinuity or Moho discontinuity.
The mantle is about 2900kms in thickness.
Nearly 84% of the earth’s volume and 67% of the earth’s mass is occupied by the mantle.
The major constituent elements of the mantle are Silicon and Magnesium and hence it is also termed as SIMA.
The density of the layer is higher than the crust and varies from 3.3 – 5.4g/cm3.
The uppermost solid part of the mantle and the entire crust constitute the Lithosphere.
The asthenosphere (in between 80-200km) is a highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductile, deforming region of the upper mantle which lies just below the lithosphere.
The asthenosphere is the main source of magma and it is the layer over which the lithospheric plates/ continental plates move (plate tectonics).
The discontinuity between the upper mantle and the lower mantle is known as Repetti Discontinuity.
The portion of the mantle which is just below the lithosphere and asthenosphere, but above the core is called as Mesosphere.
Core
It is the innermost layer surrounding the earth’s centre.
The core is separated from the mantle by Guttenberg’s Discontinuity.
It is composed mainly of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) and hence it is also called as NIFE.
The core constitutes nearly 15% of earth’s volume and 32.5% of earth’s mass.
The core is the densest layer of the earth with its density ranges between 9.5-14.5g/cm3.
The Core consists of two sub-layers: the inner core and the outer core.
The inner core is in solid state and the outer core is in the liquid state (or semi-liquid).
The discontinuity between the upper core and the lower core is called as Lehmann Discontinuity.
Barysphere is sometimes used to refer the core of the earth or sometimes the whole interior.
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