write a note on the Swadeshi movement of India
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Objectives of Swadeshi Movement
The word ‘swadesh’ comes from Sanskrit words “Swa” meaning “own” and “Desh” meaning “country”.
To revive the use of domestic Indian goods and promote self-sufficiency.
To negatively impact the British Government by causing open manifestations like the burning of British goods to stop the Bengal’s partition.
To improve India’s economic conditions without the interference of the British rulers.
Agitations by the Moderates
In the beginning, the Swadeshi movement was led by the Moderates. Petitions were addressed to the government, public meetings were held, and the newspapers were used to spread ideas of unity and nationalism.
The moderates wanted to put pressure on the Government to reverse the decision of Bengal’s partition. 7 August 1905 was the date when a huge meeting was held in Calcutta, which led to the official proclamation of this movement.
After the partition became official, the people of Bengal mourned. With so many people involved in this movement, it soon spread to other parts of India like Punjab (under the aegis of Lala Lajpat Rai), Madras (under Chidambaram Pillai), and Delhi (under the aegis of Syed Haider Raza).
The Contribution of Extremists
The Extremists wanted to see better results; as they felt they were being suppressed by the British power.
To make the movement more impactful, following Dadabhai Naoroji’s Calcutta declaration in 1906, the Extremists directed to boycott all government schools and colleges. They wanted to stop doing anything which would help the British either directly or indirectly.
Impact of the Swadeshi Movement
Along with boycott of British goods and services, public meetings started being held more frequently to pass on ideas. Every festival became a reason for people of all religions to gather and spread political messages. With people supporting each other, there was a rise in their confidence and the economic condition of the villages also witnessed improvement.
It was during this time that Bengal National College was established, with Aurobindo Ghosh as its principal.
This phase witnessed brilliant literary works inspired by social conditions as well. Tagore’s “Amar Sonar Bangla” was also written during this time.
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The Swadeshi movement started with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon in 1905 and continued up to 1911. It was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movement. Its chief architects were Aurobindo Ghosh, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai, Babu Genu. Swadeshi, as a strategy, was a key focus of Mahatma Gandhi, who described it as the soul of Swaraj (self rule).
It was strongest in Bengal and was also called the Vandemataram movement.