Question

write a passage on how co-operation among the civilians is a must for our survival. ...


plzz answer fast.....

Answer 1

Apart from a few provisions of limited scope, the Geneva Conventions do not deal with the general protection of civilian populations against the effects of hostilities. This matter came under The Hague Conventions, most of whose rules go back to 1907 and have from that time acquired a customary character and are stil l valid. But the evolution that has taken place since the beginning of this century in military technique and, in particular, extraordinary developments in aerial warfare has made it necessary to develop and make more specific the existing law of armed conflicts. This is the subject of Part IV of 

Answer 2

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Ur answer is here.....


Please note: Roman numerals indicate the number of the Convention or the Protocol (designated by the letter  

 P), Arabic numerals refer to the articles of these instruments.)      

 Section I  

 Protection against the effects of hostilities  

Apart from a few provisions of limited scope, the Geneva Conventions do not deal with the general protection of civilian populations against the effects of hostilities. This matter came under The Hague Conventions, most of whose rules go back to 1907 and have from that time acquired a customary character and are stil l valid. But the evolution that has taken place since the beginning of this century in military technique and, in particular, extraordinary developments in aerial warfare has made it necessary to develop and make more specific the existing law of armed conflicts. This is the subject of Part IV of the First Protocol additional to the Conventions.

 1.  Fundamental principle and basic rules  

The fundamental principle on which the law of armed conflicts is based is expressed as follows: In any armed conflict, the right of  the Parties to the conflict to choose methods or means of warfare  is not unlimited. Two basic rules follow from this principle. The first prohibits the use of weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare of a nature to cause unnecessary injury. The second, in order to ensure respect and protection for the civilian population and civilian property, obliges the Parties to the conflict to distinguish at all times between the civilian population and combatants, as well as between civilian property and military objectives and to direct their operations only against military objectives.[P. I, 35; P. I, 48 ]

 2. Definition of civilians and civilian Property  

 Any Person not belonging to the armed forces (see Chapter III, Section I) is considered as a civilian and the same applies in case of doubt as to his sta tus. The civilian population comprises all persons who are civilians.[P. I, 50 ]

 Civilian property is anything which is not a military objective, i.e. which by its nature, location, purpose or use does not effectively contribute to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralization would not offer a definite military advantage in the circumstances ruling at the time. Thus, military equipment, a road of strategic importance, a supply column on its way to the army, a civilian building evacuated and reoccupied by combatants are military objectives. In case of doubt, a property which is normally assigned to civilian use should be considered as civilian and must not be attacked.