write a short note on 1 . atmosphere 2 . lithosphere 3 . hydrosphere 4 . and in how many sphers we can divide the environment
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Answer:
The gaseous canopy that envelops the lithosphere and the hydrosphere is known as the atmosphere. It consists of a mixture of various gases and is believed to extend about 10,000 km above sea level. Held to the earth by gravitational attraction, the atmosphere has its maximum density at sea level and decreases rapidly upward.
Recent observations show that about 97 per cent of the atmosphere is confined within 29 km of the earth’s surface
The hydrosphere, or water sphere, mostly covers the depressions of the lithosphere. Some amount of water is also found in the rocks and much exists in the form of water vapour in the atmosphere. The oceans represent about 71 per cent of the globe and therefore contain the great bulk of the water. The average depth of the oceans is about 3,800 m.
The total volume of the world oceans is about 1-4 billion cu. km. which comprises more than 97 per cent of the world’s free water. Of the remaining 3 per cent, about 2 per cent is locked up in the ice sheets of Arctic and Antarctica and about 1 per cent is being represented by fresh water of the lands.
Sea or ocean water is a solution of salt whose constituents have maintained more or less fixed proportions over a considerable span of geologic time. In addition to their importance in the chemical environment of marine life, these salts make up a vast store-house of mineral matter.
The following tables shows the composition of sea water:
Composition of Sea Water
The earth’s water moves through an interesting cycle known as hydrological cycle. It is made up of two parts. In the first of atmospheric part, the horizontal movement of water vapour predominates. In the terrestrial, the second part, the movement of water in the liquid and solid phase predominates.
By evaporation, water enters the air as water vapour from the oceans and other water-bodies as also from plants and animals by transpiration. As the water vapour moves up the air it condenses and ultimately returns to the surface as precipitation.
The lithosphere is the upper rigid shell of the earth and is distinctly sub-divided into three layers. They are: the central one, or the core; the intermediate layer called the mantle; and the outer layer known as the earth’s crust. Seismic studies have made it possible to distinguish the solid part of the earth into such distinctive layers or zones.
The Four Spheres of Earth: Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere, and Atmosphere
Atmosphere- the blanket of air that surrounds the Earth is known as atmosphere from the Greek food items means paper the atmosphere extend more than 1000 kilometre above the Earth surface it is in the place by the earth force of gravity
we can divide several spheres in their environment like total and toppers stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere exosphere etc
