Question

Write a short note on coronary artery disease.

Answer 1

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases.Types include stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.A common symptom is chest painor discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and improve with rest. Shortness of breathmay also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. In many cases, the first sign is a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an abnormal heartbeat.


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Answer 2

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common heart disease which proves fatal if left undiagnosed or untreated. It is also known as ischemic heart disease or commonly as heart attack.

As the name indicates, the disease affects the coronary arteries, the major blood vessels providing oxygen and nutrients to the heart itself, affecting the proper functioning of the heart.

The main cause of CAD is atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries.

Atherosclerosis - A condition with fatty or cholesterol deposits/plaques known as atheromas on the inner walls of the coronary arteries. This results in narrowing of and/or clogging in the blood vessels reducing the blood flow to the heart.

Arteriosclerosis - A condition characterized by hardening of the coronary arteries which in turn restricts the blood flow.

Symptoms

Any one or more of the following signs/symptoms can indicate CAD.

• Angina – A typical chest pain felt as a tightness or pressure in the chest. This may radiate to the back, left arm, neck and jaw.
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations – Rapid heart beat
• Profuse sweating
• Weakness
• Dizziness
• Nausea/vomiting

Treatment

There is no permanent cure for CAD; however, it is managed by making lifestyle changes including healthy diet, quitting smoking, regular exercises, etc.

In some cases, people may have to take medications and/or undergo surgical procedures.