Write a short note on cyclone.
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Cyclones
cyclone, atmospheric pressure distribution in which there is a low central pressure relative to the surrounding pressure. The resulting pressure gradient, combined with the Coriolis effect, causes air to circulate about the core of lowest pressure in a counter clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphereand in a clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere. Near the surface of the earth, the frictional drag on the air moving over land or water causes it to spiral gradually inward toward lower pressures. This inward movement of air is compensated for by rising currents near the center, which are cooled by expansion when they reach the lower pressures of higher altitudes. The cooling, in turn, greatly increases the relative humidity of the air, so that "lows" are generally characterized by cloudiness and high humidity; they are thus often referred to simply as storms.

Temperate Cyclones
Temperate cyclones are atmospheric disturbances having low pressure in the centre and increasing pressure outward. The origin and influence of these cyclones is in the temperate zone due to which they are known as temperate cyclones. They are more active in winter in the Northern hemisphere but due to prominence of water areas in the Southern hemisphere, they are active throughout the year, since, they travel from West to East they are also termed as Western disturbances.

Life Cycle of a Temperature Cyclone
There are six stages of life cycle of a temperate cyclone.

First Stage involves the convergence of two ari masses of contrasting physical properties and directions. Initially, the air masses (warm and cold) move parallel to each other and a stationary front is formed. This is called initial stage.
Second Stage is also called as incipient stage, during which the warm and cold air masses penetrate into the territories ofeach other and thus a wave-like front is formed.
Third Stage is the mature stage when the cyclone is fully developed and isobars become almost circular.
Fourth Stage warm sector is narrowed in extent due to the advancement of cold front than warm, as cold front comes nearer to warm front.
Fifth Stage starts with the occlusion of cyclone when the advancing cold front finally overtakes the warm front and an occluded front is formed.
Sixth Stage warm sector completely disappears, occluded front is eliminated and ultimately cyclone dies out.
Tropical Cyclones
Cyclones developed in the regions lying between the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer are called tropical cyclones. All types of cyclones originate because of frontogenesis. Inspite of the absence of two contrasting air masses in the equatorial region fronts are formed due to meeting of land and sea winds. This frontal concept of the origin of tropical cyclone is no longer acceptable because tropical cyclones in no case are related to fronts.

They are characterized by the following salient features-:
-Tropical cyclones move at the speed of about 32 km per hour while hurricanes attain the velocity of 180 km per hour or more.
-On an average, their diameters range between 80 km and 300 km but some time they become so small their diameter I restricted to 50 km or even less.
-Like temperate cyclones, tropical are not characterized temperature variation in their different parts because they do not have different front.

-Generally, direction is Westerly up to 15° latitude from the equator, pole–ward between 15° to 60° latitudes, and again Westerly. These cyclones are weaker when they enter sub-tropical regions.
n meteorology, a cyclone refers to any low pressure area with winds spiralling inwards. Cyclones rotate clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. Cyclone is the general term for a variety of low pressure system types, such as tropical cyclones, extra tropical cyclones and tornadoes.
The largest of the low-pressure systems are the extratropical cyclones and the cold-core polar cyclones which lie on the synoptic scale which in meteorology is a horizontal length of 1000 km or more. The Warm-core cyclones are the tropical cyclones, mesocyclones, and the polar lows that lie within the smaller mesoscale. The Subtropical cyclones are intermediate in size. Cyclones have also been on other planets outside of the Earth, such as Mars and Neptune. For example the Great Red Spot of Jupiter and the Great Black Spot of Neptune.
Cyclones are also referred to as hurricanes and typhoons. They consist of the eye, eyewall and rainbands.
The process of cyclone formation and intensification is described as Cyclogenesis. The formation of Extratropical cyclones comes as waves in large regions of enhanced midlatitude temperature contrasts which are called baroclinic zones. These zones contract to form weather fronts as the circulation of the cyclone closes and gets more intense. Later in their life cycle, cyclones form what is called an occluded front. The cyclone's track is then guided over the course of an 2 to 6 day life cycle by its steering flow of the polar or subtropical jetstream.
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