write a short note on global warming
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"Climate change" redirects here.
This article is about the causes, nature and effects of the warming and resultant climate change that Earth has been experiencing. For a broader discussion of climate trends throughout Earth's history, see Climate change (general concept). For a more specific discussion of recent global warming measurements, see Instrumental temperature record. For the album by Pitbull, see Climate Change (album). For other uses, see Global warming (disambiguation).
Average global temperatures from 2014 to 2018 compared to a baseline average from 1951 to 1980, according to NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies
The average annual temperature at the earth's surface has risen since the late 1800s, with year-to-year variations (shown in black) being smoothed out (shown in red) to show the general warming trend.
Scientists have determined the primary causes[1] and the wide-ranging effects[2][3] of global warming and resulting climate change. Some effects constitute feedback mechanisms that intensify climate change and move it toward climate tipping points.[4]
Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.[5][6] Global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably.[7] But more accurately, global warming is the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation,[8] while climate change includes both global warming and its effects, such as changes in precipitation.[9] While there have been prehistoric periods of global warming,[10] many observed changes since the mid-20th century have been unprecedented over decades to millennia.[5][11]
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report concluded, "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century".[12] The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.[13] These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations[14] and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.[15][16]
The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts.[17] Ocean acidification is also caused by greenhouse gas emissions and is commonly grouped with these effects even though it is not driven by temperature. Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice. Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall, but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.[18] Climate change threatens to diminish crop yields, harming food security, and rising sea levels may flood coastal infrastructure and force the abandonment of many coastal cities.[19] Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change, most immediately the environments of coral reefs,[20] mountains, and the Arctic.[21]
Societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, and possibly climate engineering. Countries work together on climate change under the umbrella of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force in 1994 and has near-universal membership. The ultimate goal of the convention is to "prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system".[22] Although the parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required[23] and that global warming should be limited to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) in the Paris Agreement of 2016,[24] the Earth's average surface temperature has already increased by about half this threshold[25] and current pledges by countries to cut emissions are inadequate to limit future warming.[26]
Answer:
plz mark as brainlist
Explanation:
Global warming is the temperature of Earth's surface, oceans and atmosphere going up over tens of years.[1] Average temperatures today are about 1 °C (1.8 °F) higher than before the Industrial Revolution, which happened around 1850.[2] But in some parts of the world it is less than this and some more. Almost all scientists say that by the year 2100 temperatures will be 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) to 5 °C (9.0 °F) higher than they were before 1850.[3] The most noticeable changes because of this increase in temperature is the melting of ice caps all around the world. Sea level is rising steadily because of continental ice melting into the sea. Many cities will be partly flooded by the ocean in the 21st century.
Among the greenhouse gases, the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming, as predicted by Svante Arrhenius a hundred years ago, confirming the work of Joseph Fourier more than 200 years ago. When people burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas this adds carbon dioxide into the air.[4] This is because fossil fuels contain lots of carbon and burning means joining most of the atoms in the fuel with oxygen. When people cut down many trees (deforestation), this means less carbon dioxide is taken out of the atmosphere by those plants.