Write about different chemical processes used for obtaining a metal from its oxides, for metals low in the reactivity series, metals in the middle of reactivity series and metals towards the top of the reactivity series.
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Metal of low reactivity can be obtained heating directly in air like Mercury (Hg).
Metals at the middle can be obtained by reducing with Carbon like Fe, Zn, Pb etc.
Metals at the can be obtained by electrolytic refining or electrolytic reductio like Cu from CuSO4
Metals at the middle can be obtained by reducing with Carbon like Fe, Zn, Pb etc.
Metals at the can be obtained by electrolytic refining or electrolytic reductio like Cu from CuSO4
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Chemical processes used for obtaining a metal From its oxide :
Reduction : the oxide of metal is reduced with suitable reducing agent to get free metal. There are mainly three different methods of reduction -
1. By heating
2. By using carbon
3. By using aluminum, calcium, sodium etc. As reducing agents.
For metals of low reactivity series :
1. Roasting : Sulphide ores are heated in presence of oxygen.
2. Metal Oxide is heated with metal sulphide.
3. Pure metal is obtained by the process of distillation.
For metals of medium reactivity :
Metals in the middle of series are less reactive and can be obtained by chemical reduction.
1. Carbonate ores are heated by the process of calcination and sulphide ores are heated by the process of roasting.
2. Metal oxides are obtained and are reduced by reducing agent.
3. Metals are purified by purification.
For metals of high reactivity series :
Metals high up in the series are obtained by electrolytic reduction because these metals are strong reducing agents and therefore cannot be obtained by chemical reduction.
In electrolytic reduction, impure metal is taken as anode, pure metal is taken as cathode and soluble salt as electrolyte.
Reduction : the oxide of metal is reduced with suitable reducing agent to get free metal. There are mainly three different methods of reduction -
1. By heating
2. By using carbon
3. By using aluminum, calcium, sodium etc. As reducing agents.
For metals of low reactivity series :
1. Roasting : Sulphide ores are heated in presence of oxygen.
2. Metal Oxide is heated with metal sulphide.
3. Pure metal is obtained by the process of distillation.
For metals of medium reactivity :
Metals in the middle of series are less reactive and can be obtained by chemical reduction.
1. Carbonate ores are heated by the process of calcination and sulphide ores are heated by the process of roasting.
2. Metal oxides are obtained and are reduced by reducing agent.
3. Metals are purified by purification.
For metals of high reactivity series :
Metals high up in the series are obtained by electrolytic reduction because these metals are strong reducing agents and therefore cannot be obtained by chemical reduction.
In electrolytic reduction, impure metal is taken as anode, pure metal is taken as cathode and soluble salt as electrolyte.
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