Write about with examples
1.fission and it's types about
2.budding
3.fragmentation
4.Regenertion
5.vegetative propgation
6.spore formation
Plsss help me content quality answer needed
Answers
Answered by
6
1 (1) Fission
In the process of fission a unicellular organism split to form two or more new organism. It is of two types.
Binary fission:
In Binary Fission , the parent organism splits to form two new organisms for example- Amoeba, Paramecium Leishmania, Bacteria etc are reproduce by binary fission.
When the amoeba cell has reached its maximum size of growth, then first the nucleus of amoeba lengthen and divide into two parts after that cytoplasm of parent amoeba divides to form two smaller daughter amoeboe .
Multiple Fission
In multiple fission the parent organism splits to form many new organisms at same time. For example: Plasmodium.
Some organisms during unfavorable condition a cyst or protective wall is formed around the cell of plasmodium. Inside the cyst the nucleus of cell splits several time to form many daughter nuclei and then cytoplasm collect around each daughter nuclei and thin membrane are form so many new daughter cells are form with in a cyst. When a favorable conditions arrive the cyst breaks open and daughter cells are released each farming a new organism.
(2) Budding
In budding a small part of a body of parent organism grows out as a bud which then detaches and become a new organism.
For Example: Hydra, yeast reproduce by budding.
In Hydra a small out growth (bud) is formed on the sites of its body by the repeated mitotic division of its cell. This bud then grows gradually by developing mouth and tentacles and then tiny new hydra detaches itself from parent organism and lives as a separate organism.
(3) Fragmentation:
The breaking up of body of simple multicellular organism into two or more fragments or maturing, each of which subsequently grows to form a new complete organism is known as fragmentation.
Spirogyra is a green filamentous algae. Spirogyra breaks into two or more fragments on maturing and each fragments then grows into new spirogyra.
(4) Regeneration:
The process of getting back off full organism from its body part is called regeneration. For example simple animals like Hydra and Planaria show regeneration.
Planaria (Flatworm) is found in freshwater ponds. If the body of planaria somehow gets cut into number of pieces then each body piece can regenerate into complete planaria.
it occurs by the process of growth and development. The cells of cut body part divide rapidly to make ball of cells. The cells present in ball of cells move to their proper places and form various organs and body parts of an organism
(5) Vegetative reproduction (Vegetative propagation):
In vegetative propagation new plants are obtain from the parts of old plants (stem, leaves, or root) without the help of any reproductive organ.
Natural methods of vegetative propagation:
The green grass grows in the field after rain from the dry, old stem of grass plant present in the field by the method of vegetative propagation.
Bryophyllum plants can be reproduce by vegetative propagation by using leaves.
Plant
Vegetative propogule
Potato
Potato tuber (stem)
Begonia
Leaves
Money plant
Stem
vegetative propagation usually involves the growth and development of one or more buds present on the old part of the plant to form a new plant.
(6) Spore Formation:
In spare formation, the parent plant produces 100 of microscopic reproductive units called “spores” with in the spore case. When the spore case burst, then the spores spread into air. When these air borne spores land on food or soil, under favorable condition they germinate and produce new plants for example: Most of the fungi such as Rhizopus ( bread mould) ,mucor, bacteria, non-flowering plants, ferns and mosses.
The common bread mould plant (rhizopus) consists of thread like hyphae and thin stretch having knob like sporangium which contains 100 of spores enclosed in spore-case. When the spore case burst, then the spores spread into air. When these air borne spores land on food or soil, under favorable condition they germinate and produce new plants.
In the process of fission a unicellular organism split to form two or more new organism. It is of two types.
Binary fission:
In Binary Fission , the parent organism splits to form two new organisms for example- Amoeba, Paramecium Leishmania, Bacteria etc are reproduce by binary fission.
When the amoeba cell has reached its maximum size of growth, then first the nucleus of amoeba lengthen and divide into two parts after that cytoplasm of parent amoeba divides to form two smaller daughter amoeboe .
Multiple Fission
In multiple fission the parent organism splits to form many new organisms at same time. For example: Plasmodium.
Some organisms during unfavorable condition a cyst or protective wall is formed around the cell of plasmodium. Inside the cyst the nucleus of cell splits several time to form many daughter nuclei and then cytoplasm collect around each daughter nuclei and thin membrane are form so many new daughter cells are form with in a cyst. When a favorable conditions arrive the cyst breaks open and daughter cells are released each farming a new organism.
(2) Budding
In budding a small part of a body of parent organism grows out as a bud which then detaches and become a new organism.
For Example: Hydra, yeast reproduce by budding.
In Hydra a small out growth (bud) is formed on the sites of its body by the repeated mitotic division of its cell. This bud then grows gradually by developing mouth and tentacles and then tiny new hydra detaches itself from parent organism and lives as a separate organism.
(3) Fragmentation:
The breaking up of body of simple multicellular organism into two or more fragments or maturing, each of which subsequently grows to form a new complete organism is known as fragmentation.
Spirogyra is a green filamentous algae. Spirogyra breaks into two or more fragments on maturing and each fragments then grows into new spirogyra.
(4) Regeneration:
The process of getting back off full organism from its body part is called regeneration. For example simple animals like Hydra and Planaria show regeneration.
Planaria (Flatworm) is found in freshwater ponds. If the body of planaria somehow gets cut into number of pieces then each body piece can regenerate into complete planaria.
it occurs by the process of growth and development. The cells of cut body part divide rapidly to make ball of cells. The cells present in ball of cells move to their proper places and form various organs and body parts of an organism
(5) Vegetative reproduction (Vegetative propagation):
In vegetative propagation new plants are obtain from the parts of old plants (stem, leaves, or root) without the help of any reproductive organ.
Natural methods of vegetative propagation:
The green grass grows in the field after rain from the dry, old stem of grass plant present in the field by the method of vegetative propagation.
Bryophyllum plants can be reproduce by vegetative propagation by using leaves.
Plant
Vegetative propogule
Potato
Potato tuber (stem)
Begonia
Leaves
Money plant
Stem
vegetative propagation usually involves the growth and development of one or more buds present on the old part of the plant to form a new plant.
(6) Spore Formation:
In spare formation, the parent plant produces 100 of microscopic reproductive units called “spores” with in the spore case. When the spore case burst, then the spores spread into air. When these air borne spores land on food or soil, under favorable condition they germinate and produce new plants for example: Most of the fungi such as Rhizopus ( bread mould) ,mucor, bacteria, non-flowering plants, ferns and mosses.
The common bread mould plant (rhizopus) consists of thread like hyphae and thin stretch having knob like sporangium which contains 100 of spores enclosed in spore-case. When the spore case burst, then the spores spread into air. When these air borne spores land on food or soil, under favorable condition they germinate and produce new plants.
Similar questions