Question

write and explain types of Debenture?​

Answer 1

$\huge{\mathcal{\purple {A}\green{N}\pink{S}\blue{W}\purple {E}\green{R}\pink{!}}}$

✴Debentures come in two types:✴

Convertible debentures:

Convertible bonds or bonds that can be converted into equity shares of the issuing company after a predetermined period of time.

To investors, convertible bonds are more attractive because the bonds can be converted, and to companies they have the advantage that they normally have lower interest rates than non-convertible corporate bonds.

Non-convertible debentures:

Standard debentures that can't be converted into equity shares of the liable company.

Since they can't be converted, they usually have higher interest rates than convertible debentures.

Answer 2

Answer:

The term ‘debenture’ is derived from the Latin word ‘debere’ which refers to borrow. A debenture is a written tool accepting a debt under the general authentication of the enterprise. It comprises of an agreement for repayment of principal after a particular period or at intermissions or at the option of the enterprise and for payment of interest at a fixed rate due to, usually either yearly or half-yearly on fixed dates. According to the section 2(30) of The Companies Act, 2013 ‘Debenture’ comprises of – Debenture Inventory, Bonds and any other securities of an enterprise whether comprising a charge on the assets of the enterprise or not.

Explanation:

From the Point of view of Security

Secured Debentures: Secured debentures are that kind of debentures where a charge is being established on the properties or assets of the enterprise for the purpose of any payment. The charge might be either floating or fixed. The fixed charge is established against those assets which come under the enterprise’s possession for the purpose to use in activities not meant for sale whereas floating charge comprises of all assets excluding those accredited to the secured creditors. A fixed charge is established on a particular asset whereas a floating charge is on the general assets of the enterprise.

Unsecured Debentures: They do not have a particular charge on the assets of the enterprise. However, a floating charge may be established on these debentures by default. Usually, these types of debentures are not circulated.

#2. From the Point of view of Tenure

Redeemable Debentures: These debentures are those debentures that are due on the cessation of the time frame either in a lump-sum or in instalments during the lifetime of the enterprise. Debentures can be reclaimed either at a premium or at par.

Irredeemable Debentures: These debentures are also called as Perpetual Debentures as the company doesn’t give any attempt for the repayment of money acquired or borrowed by circulating such debentures. These debentures are repayable on the closing up of an enterprise or on the expiry (cessation) of a long period.

#3. From the Point of view of Convertibility

Convertible Debentures: Debentures which are changeable to equity shares or in any other security either at the choice of the enterprise or the debenture holders are called convertible debentures. These debentures are either entirely convertible or partly changeable.

Non-Convertible Debentures: The debentures which can’t be changed into shares or in other securities are called Non-Convertible Debentures. Most debentures circulated by enterprises fall in this class.

#4. From Coupon Rate Point of view

Specific Coupon Rate Debentures: Such debentures are circulated with a mentioned rate of interest, and it is known as the coupon rate.

Zero-Coupon Rate Debentures: These debentures don’t normally carry a particular rate of interest. In order to restore the investors, such type of debentures are circulated at a considerable discount and the difference between the nominal value and the circulated price is treated as the amount of interest associated to the duration of the debentures.

#5. From the view Point of Registration

Registered Debentures: These debentures are such debentures within which all details comprising addresses, names and particulars of holding of the debenture holders are filed in a register kept by the enterprise. Such debentures can be moved only by performing a normal transfer deed.

Bearer Debentures: These debentures are debentures which can be transferred by way of delivery and the company does not keep any record of the debenture holders Interest on debentures is paid to a person who produces the interest coupon attached to such debentures.