write short answer on sural nerve.
Answers
★ Sural nerve →
- The lateral sural cutaneous nerve from the common peroneal nerve in the popliteal fossa and the sural endothelial nerve from the tibial nerve merge into the sural nerve and are distributed in the posterior calf area.
The sural nerve is the sensory nerve in the calf (leg) area , and is composed of the branches of the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve. There are two branches to the skin, namely the medial branch ( Medial sural cutaneous nerve ) and the lateral branch. The medial branch is derived from the tibial nerve, while the lateral branch is derived from the common peroneal nerve. The tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve converge into the sciatic nerve , and in the femoral intercondylar fossa ( Popliteal fossa )The branch is two nerves. The tibial nerve extends downward from the femoral intercondylar fossa and before reaching the inferior gastrocnemius muscle , it will extend a branch to the skin, which is the medial sural cutaneous nerve. The common peroneal nerve also has a small cutaneous nerve branch, which is the lateral sural nerve. The common peroneal nerve and the sciatic nerve diverge, and the further common peroneal nerve will be parallel to the distal part of the biceps femoris and move toward the fibula. The small cutaneous nerve branch of the common peroneal nerve appears near the peroneal nerve. Small branches of skin appear when traveling towards the head of the fibula. The nerve will continue to extend down the back of the leg, from the back of the lateral malleolus to the peroneus muscle , and reach the lateral nodules of the fifth toe, there will be A small branch.
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☆☆☆Sural nerve is formed by communication of medial sural cutaneous nerve, that arise from tibial nerve in popliteal fossa and peroneal communicating nerve, a branch directly from common peroneal nerve or from lateral sural cutaneous nerve. The sural nerve is universally recognized by surgeons as a site for harvesting an autologous nerve graft and for nerve biopsies in case of neuropathies.
Setting and Design: Anatomy department and an observational study.
Statistical Analysis: The Mean, Standard Deviation, relevant percentages and p value was calculated by Chi–square test.
Material and Methods: The study consists of 50 lower limb specimens in 25 cadavers. All the male and female complete cadavers were included in the study. The data was collected by dissection method by using dissection instruments and parameters (measurements) were obtained by using measuring tape.
Results: The sural nerve complex was dissected and observed in 50 formalin fixed lower limb specimens. Study was done in 16 male and 9 female cadavers. Three types of formation of sural nerve were observed were - Type A was seen in 36 specimens (72%) of cases. Type B was seen in 14 specimens (28%) of cases. Type C sural nerve was not found in present study. Site of union of components of SN was seen in the upper 3rd of leg in 5.6%, in middle 3rd it was in 33.3% and in lower 3rd it was in 58.3% of cases. The length of the sural nerve shows a wide range from 2 cm to 32 cm. The symmetrical distribution was seen in 62.5% in males and 55.6% in female.
Conclusion: The normal anatomy and variations may help to guide during surgeries in the region.
Keywords: Sural nerve complex, Lateral sural cutaneous nerve, Medial sural cutaneous nerve, Peroneal communicating nerve
Introduction
The Sural Nerve (SN) is a sensory nerve of lower limb that supplies lower posterolateral part of leg and lateral part of dorsum of foot [1–3]. Sural nerve is formed by communication of Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve (MSCN), that arise from tibial nerve in popliteal fossa and Peroneal Communicating Nerve (PCN), a branch directly from common peroneal nerve or from Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve (LSCN). Sural nerve may be formed without communication between these branches and then it is only a continuation of medial sural cutaneous nerve. The sural nerve formation is highly variable
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