write short note on changes in climate
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Climate means the average pattern in which weather varies in time. The climate of region depends on the presence or absence of water, the reflection of solar radiation or albedo, the ability to transfer water to the atmosphere (evaporation), the capacity to store heat, topography and texture of the region.Although they constitute only a fraction of the total land area of the earth, metropolitan areas emits the bulk of all air pollutants. These air pollutants influence temperature, visibility and precipitation as well as other climatic elements.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines climatic change as a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time period.
Projections of future climate change are derived from a series of experiments made by computer based global climate models. These are calculated based on factors like future population growth and energy use. Climatologists of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have reviewed the result of several experiments in order to estimate changes in climate in the course of this century. These studies have shown that in the near future the global mean surface temperature will rise by 1.4° – 5.8°C this ‘warming’ will be greatest over land areas, and at high latitudes.
The projected rate of warming is greater than has occurred in the last 10,000 years. The frequency of weather extremes is likely to increase, leading to floods or drought. There will be fewer cold spells but more heat waves. The frequency and intensity of the El Nino is likely to increase.
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