writere a note on the efforts for the conservation of biodiversity in india
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One of the most pressing environmental issues today is the conservation of biodiversity. Many factors threaten the world's biological heritage. The challenge is for nations, government agencies, organisations and individuals to protect and enhance biological diversity, while continuing to meet people's needs for natural resources.
This challenge exists from local to global scales. If not met, future generations will live in a biologically impoverished world and perhaps one that is less capable of producing desired resources as well.
Conserving biological diversity involves restoring, protecting, conserving or enhancing the variety of life in an area so that the abundance and distribution of species and communities provide for continued existence and normal ecological functioning, including adaptation and extinction. Today our biosphere is in danger of extinction for a variety of reasons like lack of conservation in ecological planning; and destruction of natural habitats as space is given over to either alternative uses or is over-exploited and polluted. It is reported that during the next 20to30 years, the world would lose more than a million species of plants and animals-primarily because of environmental changes brought about by human beings. This demands an urgent attention for the conservation of biosphere.
The Global biodiversity assessment warns, "Unless actions are taken to protect biodiversity, we will lose forever the opportunity of reaping its full potential benefit to humankind." Effective and implementable methods of stopping further genetic erosion and fostering the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in mega biodiversity regions are the need of the hour. Efforts have been initiated to save biodiversity both by ex-situ and in-situ conservation.
This challenge exists from local to global scales. If not met, future generations will live in a biologically impoverished world and perhaps one that is less capable of producing desired resources as well.
Conserving biological diversity involves restoring, protecting, conserving or enhancing the variety of life in an area so that the abundance and distribution of species and communities provide for continued existence and normal ecological functioning, including adaptation and extinction. Today our biosphere is in danger of extinction for a variety of reasons like lack of conservation in ecological planning; and destruction of natural habitats as space is given over to either alternative uses or is over-exploited and polluted. It is reported that during the next 20to30 years, the world would lose more than a million species of plants and animals-primarily because of environmental changes brought about by human beings. This demands an urgent attention for the conservation of biosphere.
The Global biodiversity assessment warns, "Unless actions are taken to protect biodiversity, we will lose forever the opportunity of reaping its full potential benefit to humankind." Effective and implementable methods of stopping further genetic erosion and fostering the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in mega biodiversity regions are the need of the hour. Efforts have been initiated to save biodiversity both by ex-situ and in-situ conservation.
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In India, several Bills and Action Plans have been passed by the Parliament for the conservation of biodiversity.
Some policy and legal frameworks recently developed to protect the biodiversity are The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, The Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, The Environment (Protection) Act 1986, The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 1999 and Biological Diversity Bill 2002.
The Bill provides for the constitution of a separate high-power National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) to be set up at Chennai.
The Bill also envisages the setting up of State Biodiversity Boards, which would advise the State Governments on issues relating to conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of its components.
In India, commendable efforts have been made for in-situ conservation of biodiversity. Under Protected Area network, now we have 13 Biosphere Reserves (Tables 7.6 & 7.7) set up in different biogeography regions of the country, besides 485 wildlife Sanctuaries and 87 National Parks. Some special projects were also started for providing protection to wildlife in their natural habitats.
The Project Tiger was started with the financial assistance of WWF in 1973 with 9 Tiger Reserves. Now we have 27 tiger reserves covering a total area of 37,761 km2(Table 7.8). Besides preserving the tiger and its varied habitats, the wild fauna and flora of these habitats have also benefited from the project.
Other wild animals which have been protected and rehabilitated through such projects are the Asiatic lion, the Blackbuck, the Rhinoceros, the Musk deer, the Hangul and the Ghariyal. India is also a party to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). In India, specific programmes for conservation of wetlands, mangroves and coral reef systems are also started. Major wetlands of India have already been listed under the Ramsar Convention (1981); six internationally significant wetlands of India have been declared as “Ramsar Sites”.
Some policy and legal frameworks recently developed to protect the biodiversity are The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, The Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, The Environment (Protection) Act 1986, The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 1999 and Biological Diversity Bill 2002.
The Bill provides for the constitution of a separate high-power National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) to be set up at Chennai.
The Bill also envisages the setting up of State Biodiversity Boards, which would advise the State Governments on issues relating to conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of its components.
In India, commendable efforts have been made for in-situ conservation of biodiversity. Under Protected Area network, now we have 13 Biosphere Reserves (Tables 7.6 & 7.7) set up in different biogeography regions of the country, besides 485 wildlife Sanctuaries and 87 National Parks. Some special projects were also started for providing protection to wildlife in their natural habitats.
The Project Tiger was started with the financial assistance of WWF in 1973 with 9 Tiger Reserves. Now we have 27 tiger reserves covering a total area of 37,761 km2(Table 7.8). Besides preserving the tiger and its varied habitats, the wild fauna and flora of these habitats have also benefited from the project.
Other wild animals which have been protected and rehabilitated through such projects are the Asiatic lion, the Blackbuck, the Rhinoceros, the Musk deer, the Hangul and the Ghariyal. India is also a party to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). In India, specific programmes for conservation of wetlands, mangroves and coral reef systems are also started. Major wetlands of India have already been listed under the Ramsar Convention (1981); six internationally significant wetlands of India have been declared as “Ramsar Sites”.
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