3. Describe the formation of proton gradient caused by electron transfer in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria
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formation of proton gradient in mitochondria ,chloroplast and bacteria caused by chemohypothesis during this process by splitting of water protons accumulates inside the lumen of thylakoid so that proton gradient caused
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An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts, the chemical gradient, or difference in solute concentration across a membrane, and the electrical gradient, or difference in charge across a membrane.
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