Define Petroleum and it's formation and where it is found and it's refining and it's fractions obtained in its fractional distillation.
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Petroleum also known as crude oil or mineral oil.
=>Petra(rock) +oleum(oil) =Petroleum
=>It is viscous, dark brown, oily liquid, which is highly combustible. This oil is a mixture of several useful chemicals(hydrocarbons), so it is also known as black gold.
FORMATION-:
The dead remains of marine creations(plants and animals) if remained buried under sea bed for millions of years then due to high temperature, pressure, anaerobic decomposition the dead remains changes into crude petroleum.
WHERE IT IS FOUND?
Petroleum is found under the depth of 2 miles below the earth's surface. It is present between layers of non-porous rocks. Oil is drilled through its rocky layers(oil rigs). Later is distilled/refined.
REFINING-:
Separation of various fractions/components/parts of crude oil is also known as refining of petroleum. Petroleum is refined by a process of fractional distillation.
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION-:
A process in which a mixture of 2 or more substances are heated and condensed repeatedly to separate different fractions/components at their liquefaction points.
FRACTIONS OBTAINED-:
Below 40°C we obtain Petroleum gas in form of LPG.
40°-170° we obtain Petrol
170°-250° we obtain kerosene.
250°-350° we obtain diesel.
350°-400° we obtain fuel oil.
Above 400° we obtain residue( Petroleum jelly, asphalt, bitumen, paraffin wax).
Hope it helps..............
HOPE IT HELPS.............
Petroleum also known as crude oil or mineral oil.
=>Petra(rock) +oleum(oil) =Petroleum
=>It is viscous, dark brown, oily liquid, which is highly combustible. This oil is a mixture of several useful chemicals(hydrocarbons), so it is also known as black gold.
FORMATION-:
The dead remains of marine creations(plants and animals) if remained buried under sea bed for millions of years then due to high temperature, pressure, anaerobic decomposition the dead remains changes into crude petroleum.
WHERE IT IS FOUND?
Petroleum is found under the depth of 2 miles below the earth's surface. It is present between layers of non-porous rocks. Oil is drilled through its rocky layers(oil rigs). Later is distilled/refined.
REFINING-:
Separation of various fractions/components/parts of crude oil is also known as refining of petroleum. Petroleum is refined by a process of fractional distillation.
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION-:
A process in which a mixture of 2 or more substances are heated and condensed repeatedly to separate different fractions/components at their liquefaction points.
FRACTIONS OBTAINED-:
Below 40°C we obtain Petroleum gas in form of LPG.
40°-170° we obtain Petrol
170°-250° we obtain kerosene.
250°-350° we obtain diesel.
350°-400° we obtain fuel oil.
Above 400° we obtain residue( Petroleum jelly, asphalt, bitumen, paraffin wax).
Hope it helps..............
HOPE IT HELPS.............
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