Difference between cold war and new cold war hindi
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The term “cold war” was coined by George Orwell in his essay “You and Atom Bomb” published immediately after end of second world war. However this term was popularised in geopolitical lexicon by newspaper columnist Walter Lippman.
Briefly, cold war was the struggle between USA and USSR to dominate over the world order. It was a struggle driven by ideological considerations. USA was acting as champion of liberal democracy while USSR was striving to encapsulate the world with communism.
In the academic field of international relations, it is considered that cold war ended decisively in 1990–91 with victory of USA as USSR underwent disintegration with subsequent dismantling of communism from global political narrative.
However, defying the prognosis of many experts of political science and global politics like Francis Fukuyama who predicted that world will remain a unipolar after cold war with USA acting as global leader, present trajectory of global politics is leading towards emergence of bipolar or multipolar world order with some degree of revival of cold war era global politics. In terms of similarities, in cold war era, world was divided into two camps led by two superpowers viz., USA and USSR. Likewise presently, when it comes to military or hard power dimension of geopolitics world is getting divided into two camps, one led by USA (in form of NATO) and other led by Russia. On global political economy landscape, world is getting divided into two camps led by USA and China. In addition to this, USA and Russia came at loggerheads in proxy wars in Syria, like it occurred in Korean war, Vietnam war during cold war period.
Considering these similarities, American Political scientist Robert Legvold called the present geopolitical circumstances in the world as emergence of “new cold war”. Canadian sociologist Phillip N Howard attempted to define this “new cold war”. According to various analysts and experts, chief actors in this new cold war are USA and west on one side and Russia plus China and east on other side. However, in my view, such concrete division is debatable.
However there are certain fundamental differences in cold war and new cold war. These could be summerized as follows :
Acquiring the ideological supremacy was primary objective of both the superpowers, viz. USA and USSR, in cold war, whereas in case of new cold war, ideological considerations are absent. China wants to gain economic supremacy while Russia wants to check and subdue the military dominance of USA in global politics.
Both USA and USSR were having matching strength and powers in economic and military fields during cold war. Race for development of science and technology particularly space technology, star wars etc. was an integral part of cold war. Whereas, presently there is no symmetry between USA and Russia when it comes to economics and symmetry is lacking between USA and China when it comes to military dominance though China is trying vigorously to match the military capabilities with USA.
Events of cold war were manifested in various proxy wars, confrontations like the one during Cuban missile crisis, race for development of nuclear weapons etc. However presently, with the emergence of assymetrical and non-conventional warfare techniques, trade and tariff wars, hacking and other non conventional warfare devices are used to subdue each others power and strength in new cold war.
During cold war there were two distinct military groupings, viz., NATO led by USA and Warsaw Pact led by USSR. However such two distinct military groupings with matchable strength and power are absent in new cold war.
It is premature to speculate whether present ruptures between USA-Russia relations would aggravate and assume the proportion of conflict of earstwhile cold war scale. Hence, at present, ‘new cold war’ in theory is, at best, an emerging concept.
Briefly, cold war was the struggle between USA and USSR to dominate over the world order. It was a struggle driven by ideological considerations. USA was acting as champion of liberal democracy while USSR was striving to encapsulate the world with communism.
In the academic field of international relations, it is considered that cold war ended decisively in 1990–91 with victory of USA as USSR underwent disintegration with subsequent dismantling of communism from global political narrative.
However, defying the prognosis of many experts of political science and global politics like Francis Fukuyama who predicted that world will remain a unipolar after cold war with USA acting as global leader, present trajectory of global politics is leading towards emergence of bipolar or multipolar world order with some degree of revival of cold war era global politics. In terms of similarities, in cold war era, world was divided into two camps led by two superpowers viz., USA and USSR. Likewise presently, when it comes to military or hard power dimension of geopolitics world is getting divided into two camps, one led by USA (in form of NATO) and other led by Russia. On global political economy landscape, world is getting divided into two camps led by USA and China. In addition to this, USA and Russia came at loggerheads in proxy wars in Syria, like it occurred in Korean war, Vietnam war during cold war period.
Considering these similarities, American Political scientist Robert Legvold called the present geopolitical circumstances in the world as emergence of “new cold war”. Canadian sociologist Phillip N Howard attempted to define this “new cold war”. According to various analysts and experts, chief actors in this new cold war are USA and west on one side and Russia plus China and east on other side. However, in my view, such concrete division is debatable.
However there are certain fundamental differences in cold war and new cold war. These could be summerized as follows :
Acquiring the ideological supremacy was primary objective of both the superpowers, viz. USA and USSR, in cold war, whereas in case of new cold war, ideological considerations are absent. China wants to gain economic supremacy while Russia wants to check and subdue the military dominance of USA in global politics.
Both USA and USSR were having matching strength and powers in economic and military fields during cold war. Race for development of science and technology particularly space technology, star wars etc. was an integral part of cold war. Whereas, presently there is no symmetry between USA and Russia when it comes to economics and symmetry is lacking between USA and China when it comes to military dominance though China is trying vigorously to match the military capabilities with USA.
Events of cold war were manifested in various proxy wars, confrontations like the one during Cuban missile crisis, race for development of nuclear weapons etc. However presently, with the emergence of assymetrical and non-conventional warfare techniques, trade and tariff wars, hacking and other non conventional warfare devices are used to subdue each others power and strength in new cold war.
During cold war there were two distinct military groupings, viz., NATO led by USA and Warsaw Pact led by USSR. However such two distinct military groupings with matchable strength and power are absent in new cold war.
It is premature to speculate whether present ruptures between USA-Russia relations would aggravate and assume the proportion of conflict of earstwhile cold war scale. Hence, at present, ‘new cold war’ in theory is, at best, an emerging concept.
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