difference between hunting gathering socity and pastorl society
Answers
Foragers, or Hunter-Gatherers, make their living off the land. Women go out and collect nuts, fruits, roots, and so on. They also look for bird eggs, and they will catch any animals you can pick up by hand, like tortoises, or frogs, or insects. If they are near an ocean, they might collect shellfish. Forager men will hunt larger game like deer or giraffes, seals, whales, etc. depending on what is in their environment. Foragers don’t generally modify the land very much. Foragers maintain large territories because they require a lot of land to forage through. They tend to have very small families, because this method can’t sustain large populations. They are semi nomadic, wandering through their territory looking for food. They tend also to have a very large group of relatives who they consider incestuous for marriage. This forces them to find people far away to marry, which will increase their territory.
The term “pastoral” usually refers to groups that keep herd animals, like sheep, goats, cattle camels, reindeer, or horses. Most are semi-nomadic, moving their animals from hotter areas to cooler ones in the summer, and back in the winter. There are some pastoral peoples who maintain a fairly sedentary life in one place, but send a few shepherds up to cooler pastures in summer and bring them back in winter. Pastoralists tend to think of themselves as different from farmers, but often farmers and pastoralists are interdependent: the farmers producing plant based food, the pastoralists producing cheese, yogurt, and other milk products, meat sometimes, or hides or wool etc. The term “pastoralist” when applied to art or literature refers to works that idealize rural life. Pastoralists also don’t modify land much. It is farmers who enrich soil, breed and grow plants, use tools like plows, shovels, digging sticks to plant, and build terraces, move water around the landscape, etc.
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