Europe was fighting with great difficulty phase in 1830 focussing on those difficulties belief of Italian could give them feeling of nation state under greasy leader ship
Discuss their difficulties and leadership of those leader
Answers
Explanation:
Born in Genoa in 1807, Mazzini was a great revolutionary, he became
member of the secret society ‘Carbonari’. During 1830s, Mazzini
had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian
republic.
(ii) In 1831, he was sent into exile for attempting revolution in
Liguria. He also founded two secret societies, first, ‘Young Italy’
in Marseilles, and then, ‘Young Europe’ in Berne, whose members
were like minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and German
states.
(iii) Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be natural units of
mankind. Italy had to be forged into a single unified republic within
a wider alliance of nations.
(iv) This unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty, following
his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France,
Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s opposition to monarchy and his
vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives.
(v) Metternich described him as “the most dangerous enemy of our social
order”. Giuseppe Mazzini was one of the most inspiring figure in
the unification of Italy.
2. Write a note on Count Camillo de Cavour.
Ans. (i) He was appointed as the chief minister of Sardinia - Piedmont by
king Victor Emmanuel II. He led the movement for the unification
of Italy but was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.
(ii) Cavour spoke French better than Italian like many members of the
Italian elite. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France,
engineered by Cavour, Sardinia - Piedmont succeeded in defeating
the Austrian forces in 1859.
(iii) He drove the Spanish rulers from the kingdom of the two Sicilies
in South Italy, and in 1861, King Victor Emmanuel II was crowned
the King of unified Italy.
(iv) Cavour had played a very important role in the unification of Italy.
3. Write a note on the Greek war of independence.
Ans. (i) Greece had been a part of the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century.
The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked of a
struggle for independence among the Greek people which began in
1821.
Answer:
Various factors such as common race, language, religion, aims and aspirations, culture and shared past gave rise to nationalism in Europe